Synthesis of long alkyl chain ethers through direct etherification of biomass-based alcohols with 1-octene over heterogeneous acid catalysts
作者:Agnieszka M. Ruppert、Andrei N. Parvulescu、Maria Arias、Peter J.C. Hausoul、Pieter C.A. Bruijnincx、Robertus J.M. Klein Gebbink、Bert M. Weckhuysen
DOI:10.1016/j.jcat.2009.09.023
日期:2009.12.10
Heterogeneous etherification of various biomass-based alcohols with 1-octene was investigated as a direct route for the synthesis of long alkyl chain ethers. Several acid catalyst materials including Amberlyst resins and various zeolites were screened as etherification catalysts in a solventless system. It was found that H-Beta zeolites are the most selective catalysts for the etherification of biomass-based
Chemical Imaging of Catalyst Deactivation during the Conversion of Renewables at the Single Particle Level: Etherification of Biomass-Based Polyols with Alkenes over H-Beta Zeolites
作者:Andrei N. Parvulescu、Davide Mores、Eli Stavitski、Cristian M. Teodorescu、Pieter C. A. Bruijnincx、Robertus J. M. Klein Gebbink、Bert M. Weckhuysen
DOI:10.1021/ja102566b
日期:2010.8.4
The etherification of biomass-based alcohols with various linear alpha-olefins under solvent-free conditions was followed in a space- and time-resolved manner on 9 mu m large H-Beta zeolite crystals by confocal fluorescence microscopy. This allowed us to visualize the interaction with the substrate and distribution of the coke products into the catalyst at the level of an individual zeolite crystal during the etherification process. The spectroscopic information obtained on the micrometer-scale zeolite was in line with the results obtained with bulk characterization techniques and further confirmed by the catalytic results obtained both for micrometer-scale and nanoscale zeolites. This allowed us to explain the influence of the substrate type (glycerol, glycols, and alkenes) and zeolite properties (Si/Al ratio and particle size) on the etherification activity. The etherification of the biomass-based alcohols takes place mainly on the external surface of the zeolite particles. The gradual blockage of the external surface of the zeolite results in a partial or total loss of etherification activity. The deactivation could be attributed to olefin oligomerization. The high conversions obtained in the etherification of 1,2-propylene glycol with long linear alkenes (up to 80%) and the pronounced deactivation of the zeolite observed in the etherification of glycerol with long linear alkenes (max. 20% conversion) were explained by the spectroscopic measurements and is due to differences in the adsorption, i.e., in the center of the zeolite particle for glycerol and on the external surface in the case of glycols.
Synthesis of octyl-ethers of biomass-based glycols through two competitive catalytic routes: Telomerization and etherification
作者:Andrei N. Parvulescu、Peter J.C. Hausoul、Pieter C.A. Bruijnincx、Robertus J.M. Klein Gebbink、Bert M. Weckhuysen
DOI:10.1016/j.cattod.2010.05.021
日期:2010.12
pathway can be followed for the synthesis of the desired end products. One such example is the synthesis of octyl-ethers from biomass-based glycols, which can be made either via the telomerization of 1,3-butadiene or the direct etherification of long linear alkenes. For both processes active and selective catalysts have been developed in our groups and their activity and selectivity have been investigated