4-Cyano-2-isovalerylpyridine | 155806-66-9

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机氧化合物
• 英文名称: 4-Cyano-2-isovalerylpyridine
• 英文别名: 2-(3-methylbutanoyl)isonicotinonitrile；2-(3-Methylbutanoyl)pyridine-4-carbonitrile；2-(3-methylbutanoyl)pyridine-4-carbonitrile
• CAS: 155806-66-9
• 化学式: C₁₁H₁₂N₂O
• 分子量: 188.229
• InChiKey: QBFCLWJAIDQYLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 沸点：
  300.7±27.0 °C(predicted)
• 密度：
  1.08±0.1 g/cm3(Temp: 20 °C; Press: 760 Torr)(predicted)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.9
• 重原子数：
  14
• 可旋转键数：
  3
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.36
• 拓扑面积：
  53.8
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  3

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  4-Cyano-2-isovalerylpyridine 以 叔丁醇 、 苯 为溶剂， 反应 7.0h， 生成 2-乙酰基异烟腈 、 2-(1-Hydroxy-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)pyridine-4-carbonitrile 、 2-(1-Hydroxy-3-methylcyclobutyl)pyridine-4-carbonitrile
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Substituent Effects on Photochemical Hydrogen Abstraction in 2-Acylpyridines, 2-Acylpyrazines, and 4-Acylpyrimidines

  摘要：

  Stern-Volmer quenching of the photochemistry of 1c indicates that N- and O-abstraction (eqs 1 and 2, respectively) are quenched at different rates (Figure 1). For quenching of 2c k(q) tau is 157 M(-1) and for 3c, 64 M(-1). When 1c is sensitized with triplet sensitizers of increasing E(T), N-abstraction increases (Table 1). These data indicate that N- and O-abstraction in 1c take place from distinguishable triplet states. Survey of Phi(p)'s of ring-substituted ketones 1b-d, 6d, 7a,b,d, 8b, 9b,d, 10b, and 11d demonstrates the effect of substitution on the competition between N- and O-abstraction (Table 2). For methyl- and diacyano-substituted ketones, the results can be understood simply in terms of shifts in E(T) of the n pi* and pi pi* states of the heterocycle. The photochemistry of all these ketones requires consideration of interactions among three triplet states.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jo00087a032
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  4-氰基吡啶 、 sodium 4-methyl-2-oxovalerate 在 ammonium persulfate 、 硫酸 、 silver nitrate 作用下， 以 二氯甲烷 、 水 为溶剂， 以80%的产率得到4-Cyano-2-isovalerylpyridine
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Substituent Effects on Photochemical Hydrogen Abstraction in 2-Acylpyridines, 2-Acylpyrazines, and 4-Acylpyrimidines

  摘要：

  Stern-Volmer quenching of the photochemistry of 1c indicates that N- and O-abstraction (eqs 1 and 2, respectively) are quenched at different rates (Figure 1). For quenching of 2c k(q) tau is 157 M(-1) and for 3c, 64 M(-1). When 1c is sensitized with triplet sensitizers of increasing E(T), N-abstraction increases (Table 1). These data indicate that N- and O-abstraction in 1c take place from distinguishable triplet states. Survey of Phi(p)'s of ring-substituted ketones 1b-d, 6d, 7a,b,d, 8b, 9b,d, 10b, and 11d demonstrates the effect of substitution on the competition between N- and O-abstraction (Table 2). For methyl- and diacyano-substituted ketones, the results can be understood simply in terms of shifts in E(T) of the n pi* and pi pi* states of the heterocycle. The photochemistry of all these ketones requires consideration of interactions among three triplet states.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jo00087a032

文献信息

• Unprotected Amino Acids as Stable Radical Precursors for Heterocycle C–H Functionalization
  作者：Duy N. Mai、Ryan D. Baxter

  DOI：10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01754

  日期：2016.8.5

  of heteroarenes using unprotected amino acids as stable alkyl radical precursors is reported. This one-pot procedure is performed open to air under aqueous conditions and is effective for several natural and unnatural amino acids. Heterocycles of varying structure are suitably functionalized, and reactivity trends reflect the nucleophilic character of the radical species generated.

  据报道，使用未保护的氨基酸作为稳定的烷基自由基前体，可以有效，通用地进行杂芳烃的CH烷基化反应。这种一锅法在水性条件下露天进行，对几种天然和非天然氨基酸均有效。适当地官能化可变结构的杂环，并且反应性趋势反映了所产生的自由基物种的亲核特性。
• Substituent Effects on Photochemical Hydrogen Abstraction in 2-Acylpyridines, 2-Acylpyrazines, and 4-Acylpyrimidines
  作者：C. Janakiram Rao、William C. Agosta

  DOI：10.1021/jo00087a032

  日期：1994.4

  Stern-Volmer quenching of the photochemistry of 1c indicates that N- and O-abstraction (eqs 1 and 2, respectively) are quenched at different rates (Figure 1). For quenching of 2c k(q) tau is 157 M(-1) and for 3c, 64 M(-1). When 1c is sensitized with triplet sensitizers of increasing E(T), N-abstraction increases (Table 1). These data indicate that N- and O-abstraction in 1c take place from distinguishable triplet states. Survey of Phi(p)'s of ring-substituted ketones 1b-d, 6d, 7a,b,d, 8b, 9b,d, 10b, and 11d demonstrates the effect of substitution on the competition between N- and O-abstraction (Table 2). For methyl- and diacyano-substituted ketones, the results can be understood simply in terms of shifts in E(T) of the n pi* and pi pi* states of the heterocycle. The photochemistry of all these ketones requires consideration of interactions among three triplet states.