Bridged Bicyclic Cores Containing a 1,1-Diarylethylene Motif Are High-Affinity Subtype-Selective Ligands for the Estrogen Receptor
摘要:
The actions of estrogens are mediated through the two estrogen receptors, ERalpha and ERbeta. Compounds that interact selectively with ERalpha or ERbeta are of interest because they could be used to explore the biological roles of these ER subtypes and they might be interesting estrogen pharmaceuticals. In a new approach to develop ER subtype-selective ligands, we have embellished the 1,1-diarylethylene motif, common to many nonsteroidal estrogens, with various bridged bicyclic or tricyclic cores, including ones based on bicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, and selected bi- and tricyclic terpenoids. This design leads to three-dimensional ER ligands of unusual structure that we have used to probe the size and shape of the ligand binding pocket of ERalpha and ERbeta. Many of these compounds have high binding affinities, with the best having a bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane core and binding 3-5 times better than estradiol to both ER subtypes. Some of the compounds show significant affinity selectivity in favor of ERbeta (4- to 5-fold), and in cell-based assays for transcriptional activity most are partial agonists on ERalpha and full antagonists on ERbeta.
Bridged Bicyclic Cores Containing a 1,1-Diarylethylene Motif Are High-Affinity Subtype-Selective Ligands for the Estrogen Receptor
摘要:
The actions of estrogens are mediated through the two estrogen receptors, ERalpha and ERbeta. Compounds that interact selectively with ERalpha or ERbeta are of interest because they could be used to explore the biological roles of these ER subtypes and they might be interesting estrogen pharmaceuticals. In a new approach to develop ER subtype-selective ligands, we have embellished the 1,1-diarylethylene motif, common to many nonsteroidal estrogens, with various bridged bicyclic or tricyclic cores, including ones based on bicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, and selected bi- and tricyclic terpenoids. This design leads to three-dimensional ER ligands of unusual structure that we have used to probe the size and shape of the ligand binding pocket of ERalpha and ERbeta. Many of these compounds have high binding affinities, with the best having a bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane core and binding 3-5 times better than estradiol to both ER subtypes. Some of the compounds show significant affinity selectivity in favor of ERbeta (4- to 5-fold), and in cell-based assays for transcriptional activity most are partial agonists on ERalpha and full antagonists on ERbeta.
Substituted diphenyl adamantylidene methanes. Examples of substituents on the para positions of the phenyl groups are propoxy and acetyloxy. The compounds have estrogenic activities.
Catalytic Epoxidation of Hindered Olefins with Dioxygen. Fast Oxygen Atom Transfer to Olefin Cation Radicals from Nitrogen Oxides
作者:Eric Bosch、Jay K. Kochi
DOI:10.1021/ja953786n
日期:1996.1.1
efficiently converted to epoxides by dioxygen at 25 °C in dichloromethane containing catalytic amounts of nitrogen oxides (NO2, NO+, NO, etc.). Nitrogen dioxide also effects the direct (stoichiometric) epoxidation of the same hindered olefins. Olefin cation radicals are spectrally identified as the first observable intermediate, and separate experiments confirm the facile transfer of an oxygen atom from nitrogen
Efficient Hydrogenation of Sterically Hindered Olefins with Borane−Methyl Sulfide Complex
作者:R. Rathore、U. Weigand、J. K. Kochi
DOI:10.1021/jo960357e
日期:1996.1.1
Sterically hindered olefins are efficiently reduced to the corresponding alkanes by the borane-methyl sulfide (BMS) complex at room temperature (or below) in dichloromethane containing a mild one-electron oxidant (such as an aromatic cation radical) or by the passage of an anodic current. In an alternative procedure, the hydrogenation of the same (electron-rich) olefins with the EMS complex (in the absence of a one-electron oxidant) is also carried out-in the presence of a strong Bronsted acid (such as HBF4). In the oxidative activation, olefin cation radicals are the first observable intermediates, and separate experiments (including transient electrochemistry) confirm the facile reduction of the olefin cation radical by borane to produce the corresponding alkane. The direct protonation of olefins produces carbocationic intermediates which are also efficiently reduced by borane to the corresponding alkanes. The intermediacy of both olefin cation radicals and carbocations in the hydrogenation procedure with borane is discussed.
US3936491A
申请人:——
公开号:US3936491A
公开(公告)日:1976-02-03
Bridged Bicyclic Cores Containing a 1,1-Diarylethylene Motif Are High-Affinity Subtype-Selective Ligands for the Estrogen Receptor
作者:Rajeev S. Muthyala、Shubin Sheng、Kathryn E. Carlson、Benita S. Katzenellenbogen、John. A. Katzenellenbogen
DOI:10.1021/jm0204800
日期:2003.4.1
The actions of estrogens are mediated through the two estrogen receptors, ERalpha and ERbeta. Compounds that interact selectively with ERalpha or ERbeta are of interest because they could be used to explore the biological roles of these ER subtypes and they might be interesting estrogen pharmaceuticals. In a new approach to develop ER subtype-selective ligands, we have embellished the 1,1-diarylethylene motif, common to many nonsteroidal estrogens, with various bridged bicyclic or tricyclic cores, including ones based on bicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, and selected bi- and tricyclic terpenoids. This design leads to three-dimensional ER ligands of unusual structure that we have used to probe the size and shape of the ligand binding pocket of ERalpha and ERbeta. Many of these compounds have high binding affinities, with the best having a bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane core and binding 3-5 times better than estradiol to both ER subtypes. Some of the compounds show significant affinity selectivity in favor of ERbeta (4- to 5-fold), and in cell-based assays for transcriptional activity most are partial agonists on ERalpha and full antagonists on ERbeta.