In Vivo and in Vitro Studies on the Neurotoxic Potential of 6-Hydroxydopamine Analogs
摘要:
In an attempt to determine which physical and biological properties could best be correlated with neurotoxic potential, seven analogs of 1-(2,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethane (1), better known as B-hydroxydopamine, were synthesized and compared to 1 in a variety of ways both in vivo and in vitro. The analogs, in combination with-the standard 1, include all eight of the 2,4,5-trisubstituted-phenyl derivatives of phenethylamine and alpha-methylphenethylamine in which the substitution is of the trihydroxy or aminodihydroxy form. Low (60 nmol) and high (300 nmol) intracerebroventricular doses of all analogs produced long-term (7 day) reduction of mouse whole brain norepinephrine (NE) and lesser depletions of dopamine (DA), and effects on serotonin were varied. The analog 1-(5-amino-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane (8) was both more complete and more selective than the standard 1 in depleting NE. Using a histofluorometric glyoxylic acid method and Fink-Heimer silver degeneration stain, it was determined that overt neural degeneration was produced by 8. In vitro, the ease of oxidation of the eight analogs was found to be represented by a formal potential range of -130 to -212 mV vs SCE. However, there was no obvious relationship between ease of oxidation and the extent of monoamine depletion from mouse brain. Using kinetic analysis of synaptosomal accumulation of [H-3]NE and [H-3]DA, it was found that the standard 1 is more potent in its interaction with the DA uptake site (K-i = 12 +/- 0 mu M) than the NE uptake site (K-i = 51 +/- 1 mu M). A correlation analysis was used to determine that differences in NE and DA depletion by each analog could not be explained by differences in potency for in vitro uptake blockade. However, there was a correlation between the K-i for [H-3]NE uptake blockade and the EC(50) for synaptosomal release of preloaded [H-3]NE for the eight analogs (R(2) = 0.96; for log:log plot, R(2) = 0.54), indicating that the results for these two in vitro tests both reflect interaction with the same NE neuronal membrane transport site. A similar correlation between K-i and EC(50) was shown for all eight analogs using [H-3]DA (R(2) = 0.92; for log:log plot, R(2) = 0.52), indicating interaction with the same DA neuronal membrane transport site. These findings demonstrate that there is no single property that can account for selectivity of action and/or potency of catecholamine neurotoxins related to 6-hydroxydopamine.
作者:Dinker I. Brahmbhatt、Jitendra M. Gajera、Chirag N. Patel、Vishwesh P. Pandya、Urvish R. Pandya
DOI:10.1002/jhet.5570430643
日期:2006.11
Various 1,3-dimethyl and 1-methyl-3-phenylfuro[3,4-c]coumarins (5a-h and 6a-h) have been synthesized by demethylation cyclization of the respective 3-aryl-4-ethoxycarbonyl furans (3a-h and 4a-h). These ethoxycarbonyl furans were prepared by reacting appropriate 1-aryl-2-nitro-prop-1-ene (1a-h) with ethyl acetoacetate or ethyl benzoylacetate under Nef reaction condition.
通过各自的3-芳基-4-乙氧基羰基呋喃(3a)的脱甲基环化反应,合成了各种1,3-二甲基和1-甲基-3-苯基呋喃[3,4- c ]香豆素(5a-h和6a-h)。-h和4a-h)。这些乙氧基羰基呋喃是通过使适当的1-芳基-2-硝基-丙-1-烯(1a-h)与乙酰乙酸乙酯或苯甲酰基乙酸乙酯在Nef反应条件下反应制备的。
Asymmetric Synthesis of Substituted Thiolanes through Domino Thia-Michael-Henry Dynamic Covalent Systemic Resolution using Lipase Catalysis
Dynamic systems based on consecutive thia‐Michael and Henry reactions were generated and transformed usinglipase‐catalyzed asymmetric transformation. Substitutedthiolane structures with three contiguous stereocenters were resolved in the process in high yields and high enantiomeric excesses.