Glycosynthase mutants obtained from Thermotoga maritima were able to catalyze the regioselective synthesis of aryl beta-D-Galp-(1 -> 3)-beta-D-Glcp and aryl beta-D-Glcp-(1 -> 3)-beta-D-Glcp in high yields (up to 90 %) using aryl beta-D-glucosides as acceptors. The need for an aglyconic aryl group was rationalized by molecular modeling calculations, which have emphasized a high stabilizing interaction of this group by stacking with W312 of the enzyme. Unfortunately, the deprotection of the aromatic group of the disaccharides was not possible without partial hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond. The replacement of aryl groups by benzyl ones could offer the opportunity to deprotect the anomeric position under very mild conditions. Assuming that benzyl acceptors could preserve the stabilizing stacking, benzyl beta-D-glucoside firstly assayed as acceptor resulted in both poor yields and poor regioselectivity. Thus, we decided to undertake molecular modeling calculations in order to design which suitable substituted benzyl acceptors could be used. This study resulted in the choice of 2-biphenylmethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside. This choice was validated experimentally, since the corresponding beta-(1 -> 3) disaccharide was obtained in good yields and with a high regioselectivity. At the same time, we have shown that phenyl 1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside was also an excellent substrate leading to similar results as those obtained with the O-phenyl analogue. The NBS deprotection of the S-phenyl group afforded the corresponding disaccharide quantitatively. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Highly Efficient Synthesis of β(1 → 4)-Oligo- and -Polysaccharides Using a Mutant Cellulase
This report describes an efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of a variety of regioselectively modified β(1→4)-oligo- and -polysaccharides. This successful approach was based on: (i) the use of a “glycosynthase” which is a Glu-197-Ala nucleophile mutant of the retaining cellulase endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from Humicola insolens and (ii) the rational design of modified acceptor and donor molecules through
本报告描述了多种区域选择性修饰的 β(1→4)-寡糖和多糖的有效化学酶法合成。这种成功的方法基于:(i) 使用“糖合酶”,它是来自 Humicola insolens 的保留纤维素酶内切葡聚糖酶 I (Cel7B) 的 Glu-197-Ala 亲核突变体和 (ii) 修饰受体的合理设计和通过仔细检查野生型酶和突变酶的 X 射线结构给出的信息来确定供体分子。该突变体能够以高产率催化未取代和被各种单糖和二糖受体修饰的 α-糖二糖基氟的区域和立体选择性糖基化,以及通过单步反转机制聚合这些供体。
Synthesis of O- and C-glycosides derived from β-(1,3)-d-glucans
A series of β-(1,3)-d-glucans have been synthesized incorporating structural variations specifically on the reducing end of the oligomers. Both O- and C-glucosides derived from di- and trisaccharides have been obtained in good overall yields and with complete selectivity. Whereas the O-glycosides were obtained via a classical Koenigs-Knorr glycosylation, the corresponding C-glycosides were obtained