Polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) as an Additive in Sonogashira Reactions
作者:Robert E. Maleczka Jr.、William P. Gallagher
DOI:10.1055/s-2003-37522
日期:——
Polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) in combination with CsF facilitates the Sonogashira reaction of a variety of alkynes and electrophiles. These couplings appear to involve the in situ formation and reaction of an alkynylsiloxane. Such couplings can be run amine free at room temperature, reaction times are short, workup is easy, and product purification is straightforward. Thus, the advantages (and disadvantages) of running Sonogashira couplings with 1-silylalkynes are realized, without the need to preform the alkynyl silane.
作者:Kevin W. Anderson、Maria Mendez-Perez、Julian Priego、Stephen L. Buchwald
DOI:10.1021/jo034962a
日期:2003.12.1
detailed study of the palladium-catalyzedamination of aryl nonaflates is reported. Use of ligands 2-4 and 6 allows for the catalytic amination of electron-rich and -neutral aryl nonaflates with both primary and secondary amines. With use of Xantphos 5, the catalytic amination of a variety of functionalized aryl nonaflates resulted in excellent yields of anilines; even 2-carboxymethyl aryl nonaflate is effectively
Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling of Aryl Triflates and Nonaflates with Alkyl Iodides
作者:Yuto Sumida、Takamitsu Hosoya、Tomoe Sumida
DOI:10.1055/s-0036-1588464
日期:2017.8
coupling of aryl triflates and nonaflates with alkyliodides using manganese(0) as a reductant is described. The method is applicable to the reductive alkylation of various aryl sulfonates, including o-borylaryl triflate, which enabled efficient construction of diverse alkylated arenes under mild conditions. A nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of aryl triflates and nonaflates with alkyl iodides
A General Method for Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions of Primary Sulfonamides with Aryl Nonaflates
作者:Shashank Shekhar、Travis B. Dunn、Brian J. Kotecki、Donna K. Montavon、Steven C. Cullen
DOI:10.1021/jo200443u
日期:2011.6.3
A general method for Pd-catalyzed sulfonamidation of aryl nonafluorobutanesulfonates (aryl nonaflates) is described. A biaryl phosphine ligand, t-BuXPhos, formed the most active catalyst, and K3PO4 in tert-amyl alcohol was found to be the optimal base solvent combination for the reaction. The reaction conditions were tolerant of various functional groups such as cyano, nitro, ester, aldehyde, ketone, chloride, carbamate, and phenol. Heterocyclic aryl nonaflates were found to be suitable coupling partners. High yields of the coupled products were obtained from the reactions between inherently disfavored substrates such as electron-rich nonaflates and electron-poor sulfonamides. Kinetic data suggest reductive elimination to be the rate-limiting step for the reaction. The only limitation of this methodology that we have identified is the inability of 2,6-disubstituted aryl nonaflates to efficiently participate in the reaction.
One-Pot, Two-Step, Microwave-Assisted Palladium-Catalyzed Conversion of Aryl Alcohols to Aryl Fluorides via Aryl Nonaflates
A convenient procedure for converting aryl alcohols to aryl fluorides via aryl nonafluorobutylsulfonates (ArONf) is presented. Moderate to good one-pot, two-step yields were achieved by this nonaflation and microwave-assisted, palladium-catalyzed fluorination sequence. The reductive elimination step was investigated by DFT calculations to compare fluorination with chlorination, proving a larger thermodynamic driving force for the aryl fluoride product. Finally, a key aryl fluoride intermediate for the synthesis of a potent HCV NS3 protease inhibitor was smoothly prepared with the novel protocol.