AbstractInorganic‐organic hybrid materials are a kind of multiduty materials with high crystallinity and definite structures, built from functional inorganic and organic components with highly tunable photochemical properties. Perylenediimides (PDIs) are a kind of strong visible light‐absorbing organic dyes with π‐electron‐deficient planes and photochemical properties depending on their micro‐environment, which provides a platform for designing tunable and efficient hybrid photocatalytic materials. Herein, four radical‐doped PDI‐based crystalline hybrid materials, Cl4‐PDI⋅SiW12O40 (1), Cl4‐PDI⋅SiMo12O40 (2), Cl4‐PDI⋅PW12O40 (3), and Cl4‐PDI⋅PMo12O40 (4), were attained by slow diffusion of polyoxometalates (POMs) into acidified Cl4‐PDI solutions. The obtained PDI‐based crystalline hybrid materials not only exhibited prominent photochromism, but also possessed reactive organic radicals under ambient conditions. Furthermore, all hybrid materials could be easily photoreduced to their radical anions (Cl4‐PDI⋅−), and then underwent a second photoexcitation to form energetic excited state radical anions (Cl4‐PDI⋅−*). However, experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrated that the formed energetic Cl4‐PDI⋅−* showed unusual POM‐dependent photocatalytic efficiencies toward the oxidative coupling of amines and the iodoperfluoroalkylation of alkenes; higher photocatalytic efficiencies were found for hybrid materials 1 (anion: SiW12O404−) and 2 (anion: SiMo12O404−) compared to 3 (anion: PW12O403−) and 4 (anion: PMo12O403−). The photocatalytic efficiencies of these hybrid materials are mainly controlled by the energy differences between the SOMO‐2 level of Cl4‐PDI⋅−* and the LUMO level of the POMs. The structure‐photocatalytic activity relationships established in present work provide new research directions to both the photocatalysis and hybrid material fields, and will promote the integration of these areas to explore new materials with interesting properties.
摘要 无机-有机杂化材料是一种具有高结晶度和明确结构的多功能材料,由功能性无机和有机组分构建而成,具有高度可调的光化学特性。过二亚胺(PDIs)是一种具有强可见光吸收能力的有机染料,具有π-电子缺陷平面,其光化学性质取决于其微环境,这为设计可调控的高效混合光催化材料提供了平台。本文通过将多氧金属盐(POMs)缓慢扩散到酸化的Cl4-PDI溶液中,获得了四种自由基掺杂的PDI基晶体杂化材料,即Cl4-PDI⋅SiW12O40 (1)、Cl4-PDI⋅SiMo12O40 (2)、Cl4-PDI⋅PW12O40 (3)和Cl4-PDI⋅PMo12O40 (4)。所获得的基于 PDI 的晶体杂化材料不仅具有显著的光致变色性,而且在环境条件下还具有活性有机自由基。此外,所有杂化材料都很容易被光还原成自由基阴离子(Cl4-PDI⋅-),然后经过第二次光激发形成高能激发态自由基阴离子(Cl4-PDI⋅-*)。然而,实验和理论计算表明,所形成的高能 Cl4-PDI⋅-* 在胺的氧化偶联和烯烃的碘过氟烷基化方面表现出不同寻常的 POM 依赖性光催化效率;与 3(阴离子:PW12O403-)和 4(阴离子:PMo12O403-)相比,混合材料 1(阴离子:SiW12O404-)和 2(阴离子:SiMo12O404-)的光催化效率更高。这些混合材料的光催化效率主要受控于 Cl4-PDI⋅-* 的 SOMO-2 电平与 POMs 的 LUMO 电平之间的能量差异。本研究建立的结构-光催化活性关系为光催化和杂化材料领域提供了新的研究方向,并将促进这两个领域的融合,探索具有有趣性质的新材料。