Pinoresinol‐lariciresinol reductase: Substrate versatility, enantiospecificity, and kinetic properties
作者:Julianne K. Hwang、Syed G.A. Moinuddin、Laurence B. Davin、Norman G. Lewis
DOI:10.1002/chir.23218
日期:2020.6
Two western red cedar pinoresinol‐lariciresinol reductase (PLR) homologues were studied to determine their enantioselective, substrate versatility, and kinetic properties. PLRs are downstream of dirigentprotein engendered, coniferyl alcohol derived, stereoselective coupling to afford entry into the 8‐ and 8′‐linked furofuran lignan, pinoresinol. Our investigations showed that each PLR homolog can
General conjugate-addition method for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure lignans. Total synthesis of (-)- and (+)-burseran, (-)-dehydroxycubebin, (-)-trichostin, (-)-cubebin, (-)-5''-methoxyhinokinin, and (-)-hinokinin
作者:Nicola Rehnberg、Goeran Magnusson
DOI:10.1021/jo00301a026
日期:1990.7
Formation of (−)-arctigenin in Forsythia intermedia
作者:Shuji Ozawa、Laurence B. Davin、Norman G. Lewis
DOI:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)95149-5
日期:1993.2
Forsythia intermedia cell-free extracts were examined for their ability to catalyse the enantioselective and regiospecific O-methylation of matairesinol. In contrast to the enzymatic steps defined from (+)-pinoresinol to (-)-matairesinol, the conversion of matairesinol into arctigenin was not highly enantioselective; both (+)- and (-)- antipodes of matairesinol served as substrates for methylation, with the naturally occurring (-)-enantiomer slightly preferred. But the cell-free extracts also catalysed the synthesis of (+)- and (-)-isoarctigenins, with (-)-matairesinol again the preferred substrate. Thus the O-methylation of matairesinol, catalysed by F. intermedia cell-free extracts, is neither highly enantioselective nor regiospecific. No evidence that subsequent methylation of either arctigenin or isoarctigenin occurred to afford dimethyl matairesinol was obtained, i.e. the O-methyltransferase(s) only catalysed monomethylation. Taken together, it is proposed that post-coupling methylation does not proceed via regiospecific methylation of matairesinol to give arctigenin directly. Instead, regiospecific glucosylation first occurs to afford matairesinoside; subsequent methylation affords arctiin, which is then converted into arctigenin via action of a beta-glucosidase.
Synthesis of enterolactone and enterodiol precursors as potential inhibitors of human estrogen synthetase (aromatase)
作者:T Mäkelä
DOI:10.1016/s0039-128x(00)00104-5
日期:2000.8
A series of variably substituted derivatives of lignan lactones and diols were prepared using tandem conjugate addition reaction as a key step. These theoretical precursors of the mammalian lignans enterolactone 1 and enterodiol 3 are moderate or weak inhibitors of human aromatase activity. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Dirigent-mediated podophyllotoxin biosynthesis in Linum flavum and Podophyllum peltatum
作者:Zhi-Qiang Xia、Michael A Costa、John Proctor、Laurence B Davin、Norman G Lewis
DOI:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00242-9
日期:2000.11
Given the importance of the antitumor/antiviral lignans, podophyllotoxin and 5-methoxypodophyllotoxin, as biotechnological targets, their biosynthetic pathways were investigated in Podophyllum peltatum and Linum flavum. Entry into their pathways was established to occur via dirigent mediated coupling of E-coniferyl alcohol to afford (+)-pinoresinol; the encoding gene was cloned and the recombinant protein subsequently obtained. Radiolabeled substrate studies using partially purified enzyme preparations next revealed (+)-pinoresinol was enantiospecifically converted sequentially into (+)-lariciresinol and (-)-secoisolariciresinol via the action of an NADPH-dependent bifunctional pinoresinol/lariciresinol reductase. The resulting (-)-secoisolariciresinol was enantiospecifically dehydrogenated into (-)-matairesinol, as evidenced through the conversion of both radio- and stable isotopically labeled secoisolariciresinol into matairesinol, this being catalyzed by the NAD-dependent secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase. (-)-Matairesinol was further hydroxylated to afford 7'-hydroxymatairesinol, this being efficiently metabolized into 5-methoxypodophyllotoxin. Thus much of the overall biosynthetic pathway to podophyllotoxin has been established, that is, from the dirigent mediated coupling of E-coniferyl alcohol to the subsequent conversions leading to 7'-hydroxymatairesinol. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.