Stereochemical Investigations of Samarium(II) Iodide-Promoted 5-Exo and 6-Exo Ketyl-Olefin Radical Cyclization Reactions
摘要:
Samarium(II) iodide (SmI2)-promoted ketyl cyclizations of several substituted, unsaturated ketones, providing various cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl systems, have been investigated. The resulting experiments provide stereochemical insight into these reactions and in addition outline the synthetic potential of these 5-exe and 6-exo radical cyclization processes.
Synthesis of new proazaphosphatranes and their application in organic synthesis
摘要:
We report herein the synthesis of the new proazaphosphatrane strong bases P(RNCH2CH2)(3)N (R=Me3CCH2, Me2CHCH2) and P(HNCH2CH2)(2)NCH2CH2N-i-Pr (1g). The new azaphosphatranes [HP(RNCH2CH2)(3)N]Cl (R=Me3CCH2, Me2CHCH2)have P-N-ax distances of 2.047 and 1.958 Angstrom, respectively. We also report the synthesis of the tetramine precursor proazaphosphatrane 1g [namely, (H2NCH2CH2)(2)NCH2CH2NH-i-Pr] in 41% yield and the use of a complexation-extraction technique to separate it from a mixture containing the di- and tri-isopropyl substituted analogs. Using a P-31 NMR technique, we report the pK(a) value for 1gH(+) (34.49). The catalytic properties of three bases P(RNCH2CH2)(3)N (R=i-Pr, Piv, i-Bu) are compared in the synthesis of several beta -hydroxy nitriles, beta -nitroalkanols, alpha,beta -unsaturated esters and for the Michael addition of allyl alcohol to alpha,beta -unsaturate ketones. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
作者:Philip B. Kisanga、Palanichamy Ilankumaran、Brandon M. Fetterly、John G. Verkade
DOI:10.1021/jo010228k
日期:2002.5.1
The 1,4-addition of primary alcohols, higher nitroalkanes, and a Schiff's base of an alpha-amino ester to alpha,beta-unsaturated substrates produces the corresponding products in moderate to excellent yields when carried out at -63 to 70 degreesC in the presence of catalytic amounts of the nonionic strong bases P(RNCH2CH2)(3)N (R = Me, i-Pr, i-Bu) in isobutyronitrile. Diastereoselectivity for the anti form of the product is high in the case of the Schiff's base in the absence of lithium ion. These catalysts are easily removed from the product by either column filtration through silica gel or via aqueous workup.
Molecular Design of Organic Superbases, Azacalix[3](2,6)pyridines: Catalysts for 1,2- and 1,4-Additions
The molecular design, characteristics, and catalytic activity of macrocyclic amino compounds, azacalix[3](2,6)pyridine derivatives, were studied. The introduction of an electron-donating group on the pyridine moiety and bridging amino phenyl group enabled the enhancement of the basicity of azacalix[3](2,6)pyridine up to pK(BH+) = 29.5 in CD3CN. These derivatives were shown to be efficient catalysts for 1,4-addition reactions of nitroalkanes or primary alcohols to alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and 1,2-addition reactions of nitroalkanes to aromatic aldehydes.
Stereochemical Investigations of Samarium(II) Iodide-Promoted 5-Exo and 6-Exo Ketyl-Olefin Radical Cyclization Reactions
作者:Gary A. Molander、Jeffrey A. McKie
DOI:10.1021/jo00109a018
日期:1995.2
Samarium(II) iodide (SmI2)-promoted ketyl cyclizations of several substituted, unsaturated ketones, providing various cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl systems, have been investigated. The resulting experiments provide stereochemical insight into these reactions and in addition outline the synthetic potential of these 5-exe and 6-exo radical cyclization processes.
Synthesis of new proazaphosphatranes and their application in organic synthesis
作者:Philip B. Kisanga、John G. Verkade
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(00)01016-4
日期:2001.1
We report herein the synthesis of the new proazaphosphatrane strong bases P(RNCH2CH2)(3)N (R=Me3CCH2, Me2CHCH2) and P(HNCH2CH2)(2)NCH2CH2N-i-Pr (1g). The new azaphosphatranes [HP(RNCH2CH2)(3)N]Cl (R=Me3CCH2, Me2CHCH2)have P-N-ax distances of 2.047 and 1.958 Angstrom, respectively. We also report the synthesis of the tetramine precursor proazaphosphatrane 1g [namely, (H2NCH2CH2)(2)NCH2CH2NH-i-Pr] in 41% yield and the use of a complexation-extraction technique to separate it from a mixture containing the di- and tri-isopropyl substituted analogs. Using a P-31 NMR technique, we report the pK(a) value for 1gH(+) (34.49). The catalytic properties of three bases P(RNCH2CH2)(3)N (R=i-Pr, Piv, i-Bu) are compared in the synthesis of several beta -hydroxy nitriles, beta -nitroalkanols, alpha,beta -unsaturated esters and for the Michael addition of allyl alcohol to alpha,beta -unsaturate ketones. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.