Antileishmanial Lead Structures from Nature: Analysis of Structure-Activity Relationships of a Compound Library Derived from Caffeic Acid Bornyl Ester
作者:Jan Glaser、Martina Schultheis、Sudipta Hazra、Banasri Hazra、Heidrun Moll、Uta Schurigt、Ulrike Holzgrabe
DOI:10.3390/molecules19021394
日期:——
Bioassay-guided fractionation of a chloroform extract of Valeriana wallichii (V. wallichii) rhizomes lead to the isolation and identification of caffeic acid bornyl ester (1) as the active component against Leishmania major (L. major) promastigotes (IC50 = 48.8 µM). To investigate the structure-activity relationship (SAR), a library of compounds based on 1 was synthesized and tested in vitro against L. major and L. donovani promastigotes, and L. major amastigotes. Cytotoxicity was determined using a murine J774.1 cell line and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM). Some compounds showed antileishmanial activity in the concentration range of pentamidine and miltefosine which are the standard drugs in use. In the L. major amastigote assay compounds 15, 19 and 20 showed good activity with relatively low cytotoxicity against BMDM, resulting in acceptable selectivity indices. Molecules with adjacent phenolic hydroxyl groups exhibited elevated cytotoxicity against murine cell lines J774.1 and BMDM. The Michael system seems not to be essential for antileishmanial activity. Based on the results compound 27 can be regarded as new lead structure for further structure optimization.
在对 Valeriana wallichii (V. wallichii) 根茎的氯仿提取物进行生物测定引导的分馏时,成功分离并鉴定出咖啡酸伯基酯 (1),作为对 Leishmania major (L. major) 萌发体的活性成分(IC50 = 48.8 µM)。为了研究结构-活性关系 (SAR),基于化合物 1 合成了一系列化合物,并在体外测试了它们对 L. major 和 L. donovani 萌发体和 L. major 非芽孢体的活性。通过使用鼠类 J774.1 细胞系和骨髓来源的巨噬细胞 (BMDM) 测定了细胞毒性。一些化合物在与标准药物五氟苯和米氟喹范围内的浓度下表现出抗利什曼病活性。在 L. major 非芽孢体实验中,化合物 15、19 和 20 显示出良好的活性,同时对 BMDM 的细胞毒性相对较低,产生了可接受的选择性指数。相邻的酚羟基化合物对鼠类细胞系 J774.1 和 BMDM 显示出较高的细胞毒性。Michael 体系似乎对于抗利什曼病活性并不是必需的。根据结果,化合物 27 可被视为进一步结构优化的新型先导结构。