A novel and efficient Rh(III)-catalyzed direct C–H bond tandem annulation of N-nitrosoanilines with 1,3-dicarbonylcompounds through two C–H bond cleavage was developed. This protocol provides a rapid access to a series of valuable tetrahydrocarbazol-4-ones with the feature of readily available starting materials, broad functional group tolerance, and in situ generation of carbene precursors. Importantly