Organic reactions in low melting mixtures based on carbohydrates and l-carnitine—a comparison
作者:Florian Ilgen、Burkhard König
DOI:10.1039/b816551c
日期:——
A new L-carnitine/urea melt was developed and compared to previously reported sugar and sugar alcohol melts using several organic reactions for benchmarking. Physicochemical properties of the new L-carnitine melt, including the melting point and the polarity were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and solvatochromatic measurements, respectively. The L-carnitine melt shows a very high polarity. Heck and Sonogashira cross-couplings, DielsâAlder reactions and Cu-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions proceed cleanly in sugar and L-carnitine based melts, but the applicability of L-carnitine melts for standard organic reactions is limited by their lower thermal stability.
Method for polymerizing cycloolefin polymer containing polar functional groups and electronic devices employing the polymerized cycloolefins
申请人:Yoon Sung-Cheol
公开号:US20050085606A1
公开(公告)日:2005-04-21
Disclosed is a method for preparing a cycloolefin polymer containing polar functional groups, comprising: preparing a catalyst mixture including i) a precatalyst, containing a Group 10 transition metal having a ligand containing oxygen ions bonded to the metal; ii) a first cocatalyst which is an organic compound containing a Group 15 element; and iii) a second cocatalyst which is capable of providing an anion and weakly coordinating to the metal of the precatalyst; and subjecting a monomer solution comprising a norbornene-based compound containing a polar functional group to an addition polymerization reaction in the presence of an organic solvent and the catalyst mixture, at a temperature of 80-200° C., the total amount of the organic solvent being 50-800% by weight based on the total weight of the monomer contained in the monomer solution, and the product yield of the polymer being 50% by weight or more based on the total weight of the monomer.
Polymerized cycloolefins using transition metal catalyst and end products thereof
申请人:——
公开号:US20030181607A1
公开(公告)日:2003-09-25
Methods for the addition polymerization of cycloolefins using a cationic Group 10 metal complex and a weakly coordinating anion of the formula:
[(R′)
z
M(L′)
x
(L″)
y
]
b
[WCA]
d
wherein [(R′)
z
M(L′)
x
(L″)
y
] is a cation complex where M represents a Group 10 transition metal; R′ represents an anionic hydrocarbyl containing ligand; L′ represents a Group 15 neutral electron donor ligand; L″ represents a labile neutral electron donor ligand; x is 1 or 2; and y is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and z is 0 or 1, wherein the sum of x, y, and z is 4; and [WCA] represents a weakly coordinating counteranion complex; and b and d are numbers representing the number of times the cation complex and weakly coordinating counteranion complex are taken to balance the electronic charge on the overall catalyst complex.
A radiation-sensitive resin composition comprising an acid-labile group-containing resin and a photoacid generator is disclosed. The resin has a structure of the formula (1),
1
wherein R
1
represents a hydrogen atom, a monovalent acid-labile group, an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms which does not have an acid-labile group, or an alkylcarbonyl group having 2-7 carbon atoms which does not have an acid-labile group, X
1
represents a linear or branched fluorinated alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, and R
2
represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched fluorinated alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms. The resin composition exhibits high transmittance of radiation, high sensitivity, resolution, and pattern shape, and is useful as a chemically amplified resist in producing semiconductors at a high yield.
Catalyst and methods for polymerizing cycloolefins
申请人:The B.F.Goodrich Company
公开号:US20030023013A1
公开(公告)日:2003-01-30
Methods for the addition polymerization of cycloolefins using a cationic Group 10 metal complex and a weakly coordinating anion of the formula:
[(R′)
z
M(L′)
x
(L″)
y
]
b
[WCA]
d
wherein [(R′)
z
M(L′)
x
(L″)
y
] is a cation complex where M represents a Group 10 transition metal; R′ represents an anionic hydrocarbyl containing ligand; L′ represents a Group 15 neutral electron donor ligand; L″ represents a labile neutral electron donor ligand; x is 1 or 2; and y is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and z is 0 or 1, wherein the sum of x, y, and z is 4; and [WCA] represents a weakly coordinating counteranion complex; and b and d are numbers representing the number of times the cation complex and weakly coordinating counteranion complex are taken to balance the electronic charge on the overall catalyst complex.