Identification of 5-(Aryl/Heteroaryl)amino-4-quinolones as Potent Membrane-Disrupting Agents to Combat Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria
摘要:
Nosocomial infections caused by resistant Gram-positive organisms are on the rise, presumably due to a combination of factors including prolonged hospital exposure, increased use of invasive procedures, and pervasive antibiotic therapy. Although antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures are helpful, newer agents against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-positive bacteria are urgently needed. Here, we describe our efforts that led to the identification of 5-amino-4-quinolone 111 with exceptionally potent Gram-positive activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ≤0.06 μg/mL against numerous clinical isolates. Preliminary mechanism of action and resistance studies demonstrate that the 5-amino-4-quinolones are bacteriostatic, do not select for resistance, and selectively disrupt bacterial membranes. While the precise molecular mechanism has not been elucidated, the lead compound is nontoxic displaying a therapeutic index greater than 500, is devoid of hemolytic activity, and has attractive physicochemical properties (clog P = 3.8, molecular weight (MW) = 441) that warrant further investigation of this promising antibacterial scaffold for the treatment of Gram-positive infections.
Identification of 5-(Aryl/Heteroaryl)amino-4-quinolones as Potent Membrane-Disrupting Agents to Combat Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria
摘要:
Nosocomial infections caused by resistant Gram-positive organisms are on the rise, presumably due to a combination of factors including prolonged hospital exposure, increased use of invasive procedures, and pervasive antibiotic therapy. Although antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures are helpful, newer agents against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-positive bacteria are urgently needed. Here, we describe our efforts that led to the identification of 5-amino-4-quinolone 111 with exceptionally potent Gram-positive activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ≤0.06 μg/mL against numerous clinical isolates. Preliminary mechanism of action and resistance studies demonstrate that the 5-amino-4-quinolones are bacteriostatic, do not select for resistance, and selectively disrupt bacterial membranes. While the precise molecular mechanism has not been elucidated, the lead compound is nontoxic displaying a therapeutic index greater than 500, is devoid of hemolytic activity, and has attractive physicochemical properties (clog P = 3.8, molecular weight (MW) = 441) that warrant further investigation of this promising antibacterial scaffold for the treatment of Gram-positive infections.
The present invention aims at providing compounds having therapeutic effects due to a DPP-IV inhibitory action, and satisfactory as pharmaceutical products.
The present inventors have found that derivatives having a substituent introduced into the γ-position of proline represented by the formula (I)
wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, have a potent DPP-IV inhibitory activity, and completed the present invention by increasing the stability.
The present invention aims at providing compounds having therapeutic effects due to a DPP-IV inhibitory action, and satisfactory as pharmaceutical products.
The present inventors have found that derivatives having a substituent introduced into the &ggr;-position of proline represented by the formula (I)
1
wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, have a potent DPP-IV inhibitory activity, and completed the present invention by increasing the stability.