D-半乳糖酸 | 13382-27-9

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羟基酸及其衍生物
• 中文名称: D-半乳糖酸
• 英文名称: D-galactonic acid
• 英文别名: galactonic acid；(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
• CAS: 13382-27-9；576-36-3
• 化学式: C₆H₁₂O₇
• 分子量: 196.157
• InChiKey: RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-MGCNEYSASA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  147.5 °C
• 沸点：
  673.6±55.0 °C(Predicted)
• 密度：
  1.763±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
• 物理描述：
  Solid

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -3.4
• 重原子数：
  13
• 可旋转键数：
  5
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.83
• 拓扑面积：
  138
• 氢给体数：
  6
• 氢受体数：
  7

ADMET

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

乳糖血症和乳糖血症II型。

Chronically high levels of galactonate are associated with at least 2 inborn errors of metabolism including: Galactosemia and Galactosemia type II.

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  D-半乳糖酸 在 吡啶 、 水 作用下， 生成 D-talonic acid γ-lactone
  参考文献：
  名称：

  d-塔洛糖，双丙酮-d-talose和双丙酮-d-talonsäurelacton

  摘要：

  DOI：

  10.1002/hlca.19350180167
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  乳糖 在 溴 作用下， 生成 D-半乳糖酸
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Kiliani, Chemische Berichte, 1933, vol. 66, p. 118

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• Catalytic dehydrogenation of reducing sugars in alkaline solution
  作者：Gert de Wit、Jan J. de Vlieger、Alida C. Kock-van Dalen、Roelf Heus、Rob Laroy、Antonius J. van Hengstum、Antonius P.G. Kieboom、Herman van Bekkum

  DOI：10.1016/s0008-6215(00)86025-5

  日期：1981.5

  Abstract Aldoses in alkaline medium under the catalytic action of platinum or rhodium are converted into aldonic acids with high selectivity and with concomitant evolution of hydrogen gas. The dehydrogenation reaction has been studied for 25 different mono- and di-saccharides, and is generally applicable for reducing sugars. The influence of several reaction variables has been studied, leading to an

  摘要碱性介质中的醛类在铂或铑的催化作用下被高选择性地转化为醛糖酸，并伴随着氢气的逸出。已经针对25种不同的单糖和二糖研究了脱氢反应，该反应通常可用于还原糖。研究了几个反应变量的影响，得出了一个吸附模型，在该模型中，带负电荷的O-1和H-1与催化剂表面的紧密接触均被视为推动氢化物从C-转移的动力。将1的糖加入催化剂中。
• Selective Conversion of Various Monosaccharaides into Sugar Acids by Additive‐Free Dehydrogenation in Water
  作者：Andres Mollar‐Cuni、Joseph P. Byrne、Pilar Borja、Cristian Vicent、Martin Albrecht、Jose A. Mata

  DOI：10.1002/cctc.202000544

  日期：2020.7.21

  transformation is promoted by highly active and selective catalysts based on iridium(III) complexes containing a triazolylidene (trz) as ligand. Monosaccharides are converted into sugar acids in an easy and sustainable manner using only catalyst and water, and in contrast to previously reported procedures, in the absence of any additive. The reaction is therefore very clean, and highly selective, which avoids the

  五个碳原子和六个碳原子的丰富糖类是生产有价值的平台化学品的有希望的候选者。在这里，我们描述了几种戊糖和己糖的催化脱氢成相应的糖酸，并伴随着分子氢的形成。这种高生物活性的转化是由高活性和选择性的催化剂促进的，该催化剂基于含有三唑基（trz）作为配体的铱（III）配合物。与以前报道的方法相比，在没有任何添加剂的情况下，仅使用催化剂和水，单糖就可以轻松，可持续地转化为糖酸。因此，该反应非常干净且具有高选择性，从而避免了繁琐的纯化和产物分离。机械调查使用11 H NMR和UV光谱以及ESI质谱（ESI-MS）表明形成了前所未有的氢化二铱-氢化物，它对应于催化剂的静止状态。
• CONJUGATE-BASED ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL PRODRUGS
  申请人：Bapat Abhijit S.

  公开号：US20140364595A1

  公开（公告）日：2014-12-11

  The invention provides conjugate-based antifungal or antibacterial prodrugs formed by coupling at least one anti-fungal agent or antibacterial agent with at least one linker and/or carrier. The prodrugs are of formula: (i) (AFA) m -X-(L) n ; (ii) [(AFA) m′ -X] p -L; (iii) AFA-[X-(L) n′ ] q ; or (iv) (AFA) m″ -X, wherein: AFA is an antifungal agent or an antibacterial agent; L is a carrier; X is a linker; m ranges from 1 to 10; n ranges from 2 to 10; m′ is 1 to 10; p is 1 to 10; n′ is 1 to 10; and q is 1 to 10, provided that q′ and n are not both 1; and m″ is 1 to 10. The invention also provides nanoparticles comprising the conjugate-based prodrugs. Additionally, the invention also provides non-conjugated antifungal and antibacterial agents in the form of nanoparticles.

  该发明提供了由至少一种抗真菌剂或抗菌剂与至少一种连接剂和/或载体偶联形成的基于共轭的抗真菌或抗菌前药。这些前药的公式为：(i) (AFA) m -X-(L) n ; (ii) [(AFA) m′ -X] p -L; (iii) AFA-[X-(L) n′ ] q ; 或 (iv) (AFA) m″ -X，其中：AFA是抗真菌剂或抗菌剂；L是载体；X是连接剂；m范围从1到10；n范围从2到10；m′为1到10；p为1到10；n′为1到10；q为1到10，前提是q'和n不同时为1；m″为1到10。该发明还提供了包含基于共轭的前药的纳米粒子。此外，该发明还提供了以纳米粒子形式的非共轭抗真菌和抗菌剂。
• [EN] RAPAMYCIN CARBOHYDRATE DERIVATIVES<br/>[FR] DERIVES DE RAPAMYCINE CARBOHYDRATE
  申请人：ISOTECHNIKA INTERNAT INC

  公开号：WO2004101583A1

  公开（公告）日：2004-11-25

  This invention provides modified rapamycins that have specific monosaccharide(s), oligosaccharide(s), pseudosugar(s) or derivatives thereof attached through a linker to create rapamycin carbohydrate derivatives having enhanced pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic profiles. For example, administration of the rapamycin carbohydrate derivative results in altered pharmacokinetic profiles and reduced toxicities. Thus, the present invention provides compounds with characteristics that are distinct from other drugs in its class such as rapamycin.

  这项发明提供了经过改良的雷帕霉素，其具有通过连接剂连接的特定单糖，寡糖，伪糖或其衍生物，从而创造出具有增强药代动力学和/或药效动力学特性的雷帕霉素糖衍生物。例如，给予雷帕霉素糖衍生物的治疗导致了改变的药代动力学特性和降低的毒性。因此，本发明提供了具有与其他同类药物（如雷帕霉素）不同特性的化合物。
• Process for the synthesis of azetidinones
  申请人：Thiruvengadam K. Tiruvettipuram

  公开号：US20060135755A1

  公开（公告）日：2006-06-22

  A process is provided for preparing azetidinones useful as intermediates in the synthesis of penems and as hypocholesterolemic agents, comprising reacting a β-(substituted-amino)amide, a β-(substituted-amino)acid ester, or a β-(substituted-amino)thiolcarbonic acid ester with a silylating agent and a cyclizing agent selected from the group consisting of alkali metal carboxylates, quaternary ammonium carboxylates, quaternary ammonium hydroxides, quaternary ammonium alkoxides, quaternary ammonium aryloxides and hydrates thereof, or the reaction product of: (i) at least one quaternary ammonium halide and at least one alkali metal carboxylate; or (ii) at least one quaternary ammonium chloride, quaternary ammonium bromide, or quaternary ammonium iodide and at least one alkali metal fluoride, wherein a quaternary ammonium moiety of the cyclizing agent is unsubstituted or substituted by one to four groups independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, arylalkyl and arylalkyl-alkyl.

  提供了一种用于制备可作为青霉烯合成中间体和降胆固醇药物的氮杂环丙烷的方法，包括将β-(取代-氨基)酰胺、β-(取代-氨基)酸酯或β-(取代-氨基)硫代碳酸酯与硅化剂以及选自以下组的环化剂反应：碱金属羧酸酯、季铵羧酸酯、季铵氢氧化物、季铵醇盐、季铵芳基氧化物及其水合物，或以下反应产物的反应：(i)至少一种季铵卤化物和至少一种碱金属羧酸酯；或(ii)至少一种季铵氯化物、季铵溴化物或季铵碘化物和至少一种碱金属氟化物，其中环化剂的季铵部分未取代或由1至4个独立选自以下组的基团取代：烷基、芳烷基和芳烷基-烷基。