N-(Acyloxyalkyl)pyridinium Salts as Soluble Prodrugs of a Potent Platelet Activating Factor Antagonist
摘要:
Pyrrolothiazole 4 is a potent antagonist of platelet activating factor-mediated effects in a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays. Despite its positive activity in models of inflammation and septic shock, 4 lacks the aqueous solubility necessary for intravenous administration. This deficit was overcome by conversion of 4 to water-soluble pyridinium prodrugs. A two-step procedure was used to prepare a series of N-(acyloxyalkyl)pyridinium salts, all of which exhibited aqueous solubility of greater than 20 mg/mL. The rate of conversion of these prodrugs to 4 was faster in human plasma than in pH 7 aqueous buffer. This rate difference was shown to be due to serum enzymes since the conversion in plasma was significantly slower in the presence of a serine esterase inhibitor. A strong correlation between prodrug structure and buffer/plasma half-life was established. The N-(acetyloxymethyl)pyridinium prodrug 11 (ABT-299) is currently undergoing clinical evaluation for the treatment of sepsis.
N-(Acyloxyalkyl)pyridinium Salts as Soluble Prodrugs of a Potent Platelet Activating Factor Antagonist
作者:Steven K. Davidsen、James B. Summers、Daniel H. Albert、James H. Holms、H. Robin Heyman、Terrance J. Magoc、Richard G. Conway、David A. Rhein、George W. Carter
DOI:10.1021/jm00052a001
日期:1994.12
Pyrrolothiazole 4 is a potent antagonist of platelet activating factor-mediated effects in a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays. Despite its positive activity in models of inflammation and septic shock, 4 lacks the aqueous solubility necessary for intravenous administration. This deficit was overcome by conversion of 4 to water-soluble pyridinium prodrugs. A two-step procedure was used to prepare a series of N-(acyloxyalkyl)pyridinium salts, all of which exhibited aqueous solubility of greater than 20 mg/mL. The rate of conversion of these prodrugs to 4 was faster in human plasma than in pH 7 aqueous buffer. This rate difference was shown to be due to serum enzymes since the conversion in plasma was significantly slower in the presence of a serine esterase inhibitor. A strong correlation between prodrug structure and buffer/plasma half-life was established. The N-(acetyloxymethyl)pyridinium prodrug 11 (ABT-299) is currently undergoing clinical evaluation for the treatment of sepsis.
The Use of Lewis Acid in the Reaction of Zinc Salts of Indoles and Acyl Chloride
作者:ChengXi Yang、Hemantkumar H. Patel、Yi-Yin Ku、Rajendra Shah、David Sawick
DOI:10.1080/00397919708006820
日期:1997.6
Abstract 3-Acylindoles have been prepared in 62 – 92% isolated yield from the corresponding indoles and acyl chlorides in the presence of AlCl3.