Electroorganic chemistry. 140. Electroreductively promoted intra- and intermolecular couplings of ketones with nitriles.
摘要:
Electroreduction of gamma and delta-cyano ketones in i-PrOH with Sn cathode gave alpha-hydroxy ketones and their dehydroxylated ketones as the intramolecularly coupled products. Guaiazulene, (-)-valeranone, polyquinanes, dihydrojasmone, methyl dihydrojasmonate, and rosaprostol have been synthesized by utilizing this electroreductive intramolecular coupling of gamma and delta-cyano ketones in one of the key steps. Similarly, electroreduction of a mixture of ketone and nitrile gave the corresponding intermolecularly coupled product. The product obtained by the electroreductive intermolecular coupling of (+)-dihydrocarvone with acetonitrile has been found to be the precursor of an effective chiral ligand for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes.
Intramolecular Ketone−Nitrile Reductive Coupling Reactions Promoted by Samarium(II) Iodide
摘要:
Samarium(II) iodide (SmI2) has been successfully utilized as a reducing agent for the intramolecular coupling of ketones with nitriles. The use of visible light to promote the reductive coupling represents an improvement over previously reported protocols. The procedure also avoids overreduction of the resulting alpha-hydroxy ketones. Monocyclic, fused bicyclic, and bridged bicyclic alpha-hydroxy ketones composed of a number of substitution patterns have been synthesized in moderate to excellent yield via this method. A sequential reaction consisting of a nucleophilic acyl substitution followed by a ketyl-nitrile coupling has also been accomplished.
Electroorganic Chemistry. 144. Electroreductive Coupling of Ketones with O-Methyl Oximes, N,N-Dimethylhydrazones, and Nitrones. A Convenient Route to Synthesis of .beta.-Amino Alcohol
The intermolecular coupling of a variety of ketones with some types of O-methyl oximes took place when a mixture of both components was electrochemically reduced in i-PrOH with an Sn cathode. The product, beta-methoxyamino alcohol was easily converted to beta-amino alcohol by simple reduction. A chiral ligand effective for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to an aldehyde was easily obtained from the product formed by the electroreductive coupling of (-)-menthone with O-methylacetaldoxime. The intermolecular coupling of a ketone with a N,N-dimethylhydrazone or nitrone was also promoted by the electroreduction. Furthermore, the electroreductive coupling of a carbonyl group with an intramolecular O-methyl oxime moiety gave the corresponding cyclized product stereoselectively.
Electroorganic chemistry. 140. Electroreductively promoted intra- and intermolecular couplings of ketones with nitriles.
Electroreduction of gamma and delta-cyano ketones in i-PrOH with Sn cathode gave alpha-hydroxy ketones and their dehydroxylated ketones as the intramolecularly coupled products. Guaiazulene, (-)-valeranone, polyquinanes, dihydrojasmone, methyl dihydrojasmonate, and rosaprostol have been synthesized by utilizing this electroreductive intramolecular coupling of gamma and delta-cyano ketones in one of the key steps. Similarly, electroreduction of a mixture of ketone and nitrile gave the corresponding intermolecularly coupled product. The product obtained by the electroreductive intermolecular coupling of (+)-dihydrocarvone with acetonitrile has been found to be the precursor of an effective chiral ligand for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes.
Intramolecular Ketone−Nitrile Reductive Coupling Reactions Promoted by Samarium(II) Iodide
作者:Gary A. Molander、Chad N. Wolfe
DOI:10.1021/jo981537m
日期:1998.11.1
Samarium(II) iodide (SmI2) has been successfully utilized as a reducing agent for the intramolecular coupling of ketones with nitriles. The use of visible light to promote the reductive coupling represents an improvement over previously reported protocols. The procedure also avoids overreduction of the resulting alpha-hydroxy ketones. Monocyclic, fused bicyclic, and bridged bicyclic alpha-hydroxy ketones composed of a number of substitution patterns have been synthesized in moderate to excellent yield via this method. A sequential reaction consisting of a nucleophilic acyl substitution followed by a ketyl-nitrile coupling has also been accomplished.