Conjugation of Synthetic Cannabinoids JWH-018 and JWH-073, Metabolites by Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases
作者:Krishna C. Chimalakonda、Stacie M. Bratton、Vi-Huyen Le、Kan Hui Yiew、Anna Dineva、Cindy L. Moran、Laura P. James、Jeffery H. Moran、Anna Radominska-Pandya
DOI:10.1124/dmd.111.040709
日期:2011.10
K2, a synthetic cannabinoid (SC), is an emerging drug of abuse touted as “legal marijuana” and marketed to young teens and first-time drug users. Symptoms associated with K2 use include extreme agitation, syncope, tachycardia, and visual and auditory hallucinations. One major challenge to clinicians is the lack of clinical, pharmacological, and metabolic information for the detection and characterization of K2 and its metabolites in human samples. Information on the metabolic pathway of SCs is very limited. However, previous reports have shown the metabolites of these compounds are excreted primarily as glucuronic acid conjugates. Based on this information, this study evaluates nine human recombinant uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms and human liver and intestinal microsomes for their ability to glucuronidate hydroxylated metabolites of 1-naphthalenyl-1(1-pentyl-1 H -indol-3-yl)-methanone (JWH-018) and (1-butyl-1 H -indol-3-yl)-1-naphthalenyl-methanone (JWH-073), the two most common SCs found in K2 products. Conjugates were identified and characterized using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, whereas kinetic parameters were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-UV-visible methods. UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A9, UGT1A10, and UGT2B7 were shown to be the major enzymes involved, showing relatively high affinity with K m ranging from 12 to 18 μM for some hydroxylated K2s. These UGTs also exhibited a high metabolic capacity for these compounds, which indicates that K2 metabolites may be rapidly glucuronidated and eliminated from the body. Studies of K2 metabolites will help future development and validation of a specific assay for K2 and its metabolites and will allow researchers to fully explore their pharmacological actions.
K2 是一种合成大麻素 (SC),是一种新兴的滥用药物,被誉为“合法大麻”,面向青少年和初次吸毒者销售。与使用 K2 相关的症状包括极度激动、晕厥、心动过速以及幻视和幻听。临床医生面临的一大挑战是缺乏用于检测和表征人体样本中 K2 及其代谢物的临床、药理学和代谢信息。有关 SC 代谢途径的信息非常有限。然而,之前的报告表明这些化合物的代谢物主要以葡萄糖醛酸缀合物的形式排出。基于这些信息,本研究评估了九种人重组尿苷二磷酸-葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶 (UGT) 亚型以及人肝脏和肠道微粒体对 1-萘基-1(1-戊基-1 H -indol-3-) 羟基化代谢物进行葡萄糖醛酸化的能力。 (JWH-018) 和 (1-丁基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-萘基甲酮 (JWH-073) 是 K2 产品中最常见的两种 SC。使用液相色谱/串联质谱法对缀合物进行鉴定和表征,而使用高效液相色谱-紫外-可见方法对动力学参数进行量化。 UGT1A1、UGT1A3、UGT1A9、UGT1A10 和 UGT2B7 被证明是所涉及的主要酶,对一些羟基化 K2 表现出相对较高的亲和力,K m 范围为 12 至 18 μM。这些 UGT 还表现出对这些化合物的高代谢能力,这表明 K2 代谢物可能会快速葡萄糖醛酸化并从体内消除。 K2 代谢物的研究将有助于未来开发和验证 K2 及其代谢物的特定测定方法,并使研究人员能够充分探索其药理作用。