氨基酸是构成蛋白质的基本单位,是一类含有氨基(-NH₂)和羧基(-COOH)的有机化合物。它们通过肽键连接在一起形成多肽链,进而构建出各种蛋白质。氨基酸通常还包含一个侧链(R-group),这决定了每种氨基酸的独特性质。
分类根据侧链的不同,氨基酸可以分为非必需氨基酸、半必需氨基酸和必需氨基酸三类:
氨基酸在生物体内的作用多样且重要:
在工业领域,氨基酸被广泛用于食品添加剂、饲料生产以及制药等多个方面。例如:
近年来,随着生物技术的发展,通过基因工程手段合成特定功能的氨基酸成为可能。同时,对于复杂疾病机制的研究也加深了对某些特殊氨基酸在病理过程中的作用理解。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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3-(4-氯苯基)-3-{[(9H-芴-9-基甲氧基)-羰基]氨基}丙酸 | 3-[N-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)-amino]-3-(4-chloro)-phenylorpionic acid | 194471-87-9 | C24H20ClNO4 |
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21-(Boc-氨基)-4,7,10,13,16,19-六氧杂二十一碳酸 | 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17,20,23-heptaoxa-5-azahexacosan-26-oic acid | 882847-13-4 | C20H39NO10 |
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2-羟基-2-苯基乙基氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl N-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)carbamate | 67341-07-5 | C13H19NO3 |
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2-叔丁氧羰酰胺-1,2,3,4-四氢萘-2-羧酸 | 2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid | 98569-12-1 | C16H21NO4 |
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2-叔丁氧基羰氨基-5-氯苯甲酸 | 2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-5-chlorobenzoic acid | 253677-29-1 | C12H14ClNO4 |
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2-叔丁氧基羰氨基-4,5-二甲氧基苯甲酸 | 2-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid | 122744-78-9 | C14H19NO6 |
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2-(羟甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 157634-00-9 | C11H21NO3 |
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2-(Fmoc-氨基)-4-氯苯甲酸 | 2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-chlorobenzoic acid | 332121-92-3 | C22H16ClNO4 |
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15-(Boc-氨基)-4,7,10,13-四氧杂十五烷酸 | 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azaicosan-20-oic acid | 756525-91-4 | C16H31NO8 |
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1-叔丁氧羰基-4-哌啶乙酸 | 2-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl)acetic acid | 157688-46-5 | C12H21NO4 |
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1-Fmoc-2-羟甲基哌啶 | 1-Fmoc-2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine | 170867-95-5 | C21H23NO3 |
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1-FMOC-3-吡咯烷甲酸 | 1-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid | 885951-89-3 | C20H19NO4 |
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1-Boc-L-吖啶-2-羧酸 | (S)-1-(t-butoxycarbonyl)azetidine-2-carboxylic acid | 51077-14-6 | C9H15NO4 |
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(S)-哌嗪-2-羧酸 | (S)-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid | 147650-70-2 | C5H10N2O2 |
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(S)-N-Boc-(5-溴-2-甲氧基苯基)丙氨酸 | Boc-5-bromo-2-methoxy-L-phenylalanine | 261165-03-1 | C15H20BrNO5 |
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(S)-3-[[(9H-芴-9-基甲氧基)羰基]氨基]-1,1,3-丙烷三羧酸 1,1-双叔丁酯 | N-α-(9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-γ-carboxy-L-glutamic acid γ,γ'-di-tert-butyl ester | 111662-64-7 | C29H35NO8 |
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(S)-2-(Boc-氨)-3-(Fmoc-氨)丙酸 | Boc-Dap(Fmoc)-OH | 122235-70-5 | C23H26N2O6 |
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(S)-2-(9H-芴-9-甲氧基羰基氨基)-4-甲磺酰基丁酸 | Fmoc-L-Met(O2)-OH | 163437-14-7 | C20H21NO6S |
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(S)-2-((S)-2-氨基-3-(4-羟基苯基)丙酰胺)-4-甲基戊酸 | L-tyrosyl-L-leucine | 17355-10-1 | C15H22N2O4 |
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(S)-2-((S)-2-氨基-3-(1H-咪唑-4-基)丙酰胺基)3-苯基丙酸 | L-histidyl-L-phenylalanine | 16874-81-0 | C15H18N4O3 |
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(S)-2-((S)-2,6-二氨基己酰氨基)-3-甲基丁酸 | Lys-Val | 20556-11-0 | C11H23N3O3 |
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(S)-2-((((9h-芴-9-基)甲氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-甲氧基丙酸 | Fmoc-Ser(Me)-OH | 159610-93-2 | C19H19NO5 |
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(S)-2-((((9H-芴-9-基)甲氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-(4-((双(苄氧基)磷酰基)氧基)苯基)丙酸 | N<sup>2</sup>-<<(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy>carbonyl>-O<sup>4</sup>-<bis(benzyloxy)phosphoryl>-L-tyrosine | 134150-51-9 | C38H34NO8P |
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(R)-boc-5,5-二甲基-1,3-噻唑烷-4-羧酸 | (tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-L-5,5-dimethylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid | 117918-23-7 | C11H19NO4S |
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(R)-alpha-[[叔丁氧羰基]甲基氨基]苯乙酸 | (R)-1-(N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-methylamino)-1-phenylacetic acid | 30925-12-3 | C14H19NO4 |
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(R)-N-Fmoc-2-(2'-丙烯基)-丙氨酸 | (R)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-methylpent-4-enoic acid | 288617-76-5 | C21H21NO4 |
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(R)-N-FMOC-2-氨基-3-羟基-3-甲基丁酸 | Fmoc-D-OHVal | 884880-39-1 | C20H21NO5 |
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(R)-3-BOC-噻唑烷基-2-羧酸 | (R)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid | 125471-00-3 | C9H15NO4S |
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(R)-3,4-二氢-7-羟基-2,3(1H)-异喹啉二甲酸2-芴甲基酯 | (R)-7-Hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl) ester | 178432-50-3 | C25H21NO5 |
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(R)-1-芴甲氧羰基哌啶-3-甲酸 | (R)-1-{[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}piperidine-3-carboxylic acid | 193693-67-3 | C21H21NO4 |
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(R)-1-(Boc-氨基)-2-丙醇 | tert-butyl [(2R)-2-hydroxypropyl]carbamate | 119768-44-4 | C8H17NO3 |
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(E)-N5-(氨基{[(2,2,5,7,8-五甲基-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-6-基)磺酰基]氨基}亚甲基)-N2-{[(2-甲基-2-丙基)氧基]羰基}-L-鸟氨酸 | Boc-Arg(Pmc)-OH | 200125-12-8 | C25H40N4O7S |
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(4R)-4-[[叔丁氧羰基]氨基]-5-[(2,5-二氧代-1-吡咯烷基)氧基]-5-氧代戊酸苄酯 | Boc-D-Glu(OBzl)-OSu | 18800-76-5 | C21H26N2O8 |
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(3S)-3-[[(9H-芴-9-基甲氧基)羰基]氨基]-4-羟基-丁酸叔丁酯 | (S)-tert-butyl 3-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonylamino)-4-hydroxybutanoate | 133565-45-4 | C23H27NO5 |
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(3R)-2-[(9H-芴-9-甲氧基)羰基]-3,4-二氢-3(1H)-异喹啉乙酸 | Fmoc-(R)-2-tetrahydroisoquinoline acetic acid | 332064-67-2 | C26H23NO4 |
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(2S,5R)-N-叔丁氧羰基-5-苯基吡咯烷-2-甲酸 | (2S,5R)-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-5-phenylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | 221352-49-4 | C16H21NO4 |
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(2S,4s)-Fmoc-4-氟吡咯烷-2-羧酸 | Fmoc-4S-Fl-Pro-OH | 203866-19-7 | C20H18FNO4 |
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(2S,3S)-2-((S)-2-氨基-3-甲基丁酰胺基)-3-甲基戊酸 | L-valyl-L-isoleucine | 20556-14-3 | C11H22N2O3 |
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(2S,3R)-3-(BOC-氨基)-2-羟基-5-甲基己酸 | (2S,3R)-3-<<(tert-Butyloxy)carbonyl>amino>-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoic Acid | 73397-25-8 | C12H23NO5 |
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(2S)-N-Fmoc-6-叠氮基己酸 | 6-azido-2S-{[(9H-fluorenyl-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexanoic acid | 159610-89-6 | C21H22N4O4 |
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(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-氨基-3-(4-羟基苯基)丙酰]氨基]-3-(4-羟基苯基)丙酸 | (S)-2-[(S)-2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionylamino]-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid | 1050-28-8 | C18H20N2O5 |
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(2S)-2-N-芴甲氧羰基氨基-2-甲基-9-癸烯酸 | (S)-N-(9fluorenylmethyl carbamate)-2-(2'-octenyl)alanine | 288617-75-4 | C26H31NO4 |
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(2R,3S)-3-(BOC-氨基)-2-羟基-5-甲基己酸 | (2R,3S)-3-(N-boc)amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoic acid | 73397-28-1 | C12H23NO5 |
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(2R,3R)-3-(BOC-氨基)-2-羟基-5-甲基己酸 | (2R,3R)-3-<<(tert-Butyloxy)carbonyl>amino>-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoic Acid | 73397-26-9 | C12H23NO5 |
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(2R)-2-N-芴甲氧羰基氨基-2-甲基-9-癸烯酸 | Fmoc-(R)-2-(7-octenyl)alanine | 945212-26-0 | C26H31NO4 |
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(2R)-1-[(9H-芴-9-甲氧基)羰基]六羟基哌啶-2-甲酸 | N-(fluoren-9-ylmethyloxycarbonyl)-DL-pipecolic acid | 105751-19-7 | C21H21NO4 |
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((2r,3r)-1,3-二羟基-2-丁基)氨基甲酸苄酯 | benzyl N-[(2S,3R)-1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]carbamate | 71811-27-3 | C12H17NO4 |
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—— | Fmoc-pentafluorophenylalanine | 205526-32-5 | C24H16F5NO4 |
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—— | (±)-cis-3-(9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)aminobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid | 352707-75-6 | C23H23NO4 |
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—— | Asp-Trp | 71835-79-5 | C15H17N3O5 |
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