氨基酸是构成蛋白质的基本单位,是一类含有氨基(-NH₂)和羧基(-COOH)的有机化合物。它们通过肽键连接在一起形成多肽链,进而构建出各种蛋白质。氨基酸通常还包含一个侧链(R-group),这决定了每种氨基酸的独特性质。
分类根据侧链的不同,氨基酸可以分为非必需氨基酸、半必需氨基酸和必需氨基酸三类:
氨基酸在生物体内的作用多样且重要:
在工业领域,氨基酸被广泛用于食品添加剂、饲料生产以及制药等多个方面。例如:
近年来,随着生物技术的发展,通过基因工程手段合成特定功能的氨基酸成为可能。同时,对于复杂疾病机制的研究也加深了对某些特殊氨基酸在病理过程中的作用理解。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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N-芴甲氧羰基-alpha-烯丙基-L-丙氨酸 | (S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-methylpent-4-enoic acid | 288617-71-0 | C21H21NO4 |
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N-芴甲氧羰基-L-谷氨酸1-甲酯 | Fmoc-Glu-OMe | 145038-49-9 | C21H21NO6 |
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N-芴甲氧羰基-(N’-叔丁氧羰基)-D-鸟氨酸 | (R)-N5-(tert.-butoxy-carbonyl)-N2-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-ornithine | 118476-89-4 | C25H30N2O6 |
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N-芴甲氧羰基-(2S,5R)-5-苯基吡咯烷-2-羧酸 | (2S,5R)-5-phenyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl) ester | 215190-21-9 | C26H23NO4 |
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N-芴甲氧羰基-(2R,5S)-5-苯基吡咯烷-2-羧酸 | Fmoc-(2R,5S)-5-phenyl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | 269078-69-5 | C26H23NO4 |
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N-叔丁氧羰基-O-苄基-L-BETA-高苏氨酸 | (3R,4R)-4-(benzyloxy)-3-{[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}pentanoic acid | 254101-11-6 | C17H25NO5 |
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N-叔丁氧羰基-O-对甲苯磺酰基丝氨酸甲酯 | methyl N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-O-tosyl-L-serinate | 56926-94-4 | C16H23NO7S |
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N-叔丁氧羰基-N-甲基-L-正亮氨酸 | N-BOC-N-methylnorleucine | 117903-25-0 | C12H23NO4 |
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N-叔丁氧羰基-L-瓜氨酸 | Boc-Cit-OH | 45234-13-7 | C11H21N3O5 |
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N-叔丁氧羰基-L-4-苯甲酰基苯丙氨酸 | N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-(S)-3-(4-benzoylphenyl)alanine | 104504-43-0 | C21H23NO5 |
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N-叔丁氧羰基-L-3-苯并噻吩丙氨酸 | (2S)-2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)propanoic acid | 154902-51-9 | C16H19NO4S |
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N-叔丁氧羰基-L-3-硝基苯丙氨酸 | (S)-2-((t-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)propanoic acid | 131980-29-5 | C14H18N2O6 |
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N-叔丁氧羰基-L-2-硝基苯丙氨酸 | N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-nitro-L-phenylalanine | 185146-84-3 | C14H18N2O6 |
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N-叔丁氧羰基-L-2-氰基苯丙氨酸 | (S)-N-Boc-ortho-cyanophenylalanine | 216312-53-7 | C15H18N2O4 |
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N-叔丁氧羰基-D-2-三氟甲基苯丙氨酸 | ((R)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propanoic acid | 346694-78-8 | C15H18F3NO4 |
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N-叔丁氧羰基-2-氨基茚满-2-羧酸 | 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid | 71066-00-7 | C15H19NO4 |
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N-叔丁氧羰基-2-哌啶-2-基乙醇 | tert-butyl 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 118811-03-3 | C12H23NO3 |
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N-叔丁氧羰基-(S)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-3-乙酸 | [(3S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-3-yl]acetic acid | 270062-98-1 | C16H21NO4 |
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N-叔丁氧羰基-(4-氨基甲基苯基)乙酸 | 2-(4-((tert-butoxycarbonylamino)methyl)phenyl)acetic acid | 71420-92-3 | C14H19NO4 |
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N-叔丁氧羰基-(3-氨基甲基苯基)乙酸 | 2-(3-(((tertbutoxycarbonyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)acetic acid | 71420-95-6 | C14H19NO4 |
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N-叔丁氧羰基-(2S,4S)-4-苯基吡咯烷-2-羧酸 | (2S,4S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-phenylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | 96314-29-3 | C16H21NO4 |
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N-乙酰基-S-法呢基-L-半胱氨酸甲酯 | N-acetyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester | 135304-08-4 | C21H35NO3S |
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N-fmoc-4-羟基哌啶 | 9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl 4-hydroxy-1-piperidinecarboxylate | 351184-42-4 | C20H21NO3 |
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N-[苄氧羰基]-L-色氨酸苄酯 | (S)-benzyl 2-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate | 69876-37-5 | C26H24N2O4 |
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N-[芴甲氧羰基]-O-(三苯基甲基)-D-丝氨酸 | Fmoc-D-Ser(Trt)-OH | 212688-51-2 | C37H31NO5 |
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N-[芴甲氧羰基]-N-甲基-L-色氨酸 | Fmoc-Nalpha-methyl-L-tryptophan | 112913-63-0 | C27H24N2O4 |
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N-[芴甲氧羰基]-D-缬氨酸五氟苯基酯 | Fmoc-D-Val-OPfp | 125043-10-9 | C26H20F5NO4 |
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N-[芴甲氧羰基]-D-天冬氨酸甲酯 | α-methyl (2R)-N-(fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)aspartate | 368443-82-7 | C20H19NO6 |
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N-[芴甲氧羰基]-1-[(4-甲氧基苯基)二苯基甲基]-L-组氨酸 | Fmoc-His(Mmt)-OH | 133367-33-6 | C41H35N3O5 |
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N-[叔丁氧羰基]-N-甲基-O-苄基-D-酪氨酸 | Boc-D-MeTyr(Bzl)-OH | 138774-98-8 | C22H27NO5 |
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N-[叔丁氧羰基]-N-甲基-O-甲基-L-酪氨酸二环己基铵盐 | Boc-Metyr(Me)-OH DCHA | 135103-27-4 | C12H23N*C16H23NO5 |
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N-[叔丁氧羰基]-N-甲基-D-异亮氨酸 | Boc-N-me-DIle-OH | 267223-87-0 | C12H23NO4 |
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N-[叔丁氧羰基]-3-[[(4-甲基苯基)甲基]硫基]-D-缬氨酸二环己基铵盐 | Boc-D-Pen(pMeBzl)-OH.DCHA | 198470-36-9 | C30H50N2O4S |
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N-[(9H-芴-9-甲氧基)羰基]-N'-[(2-丙烯氧基)羰基]-L-赖氨酸 | (S)-6-allyloxycarbonylamino-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-hexanoic acid | 146982-27-6 | C25H28N2O6 |
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N-[(9H-芴-9-基甲氧基)羰基]-O-(苯基甲基)-D-酪氨酸 | N-[(9-fluorenyl)methoxycarbonyl]-O-benzyl-D-tyrosine | 138775-48-1 | C31H27NO5 |
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N-[(9H-芴-9-基甲氧基)羰基]-1-[(4-甲基苯基)(二苯基)甲基]-L-组氨酸 | Fmoc-His(N<sub>im</sub>-Mtt)-OH | 133367-34-7 | C41H35N3O4 |
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N-[(9H-芴-9-基甲氧基)羰基](3,3,3-2H3)丙氨酸 | N-α-Fmoc-L-alanine-3,3,3-d3 | 225101-67-7 | C18H17NO4 |
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N-[(1S)-1-(羟基甲基)-3-甲基丁基]-氨基甲酸 9H-芴-9-基甲基酯 | (S)-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl (1-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-yl)carbamate | 139551-83-0 | C21H25NO3 |
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N-[(1S)-1-(羟基甲基)-2-[4-(苯基甲氧基)苯基]乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | O-benzyl N-Boc-L-tyrosinol | 66605-58-1 | C21H27NO4 |
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N-[(1,1-二甲基乙氧基)羰基]-S-叔丁基-L-半胱氨酸 N-环己基环己胺盐 (1:1) | 2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-3-tert-butylsulfanyl-propionic acid; compound with dicyclohexyl-amine | 60143-30-8 | C12H23NO4S*C12H23N |
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N-L-色氨酰-L-酪氨酸 | (S)-2-[(S)-2-Amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-propionylamino]-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid | 19653-76-0 | C20H21N3O4 |
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N-L-丙氨酰-L-缬氨酸 | L-alanyl-L-valine | 3303-45-5 | C8H16N2O3 |
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N-L-丙氨酰-L-天冬氨酸 | L-alanyl-L-aspartic acid | 20727-65-5 | C7H12N2O5 |
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N-Fmoc-N’-(2,4-二硝基苯基)-L-2,3-二氨基丙酸 | N-α-Fmoc-N-β-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid | 140430-54-2 | C24H20N4O8 |
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N-Fmoc-N-甲基-S-三苯甲基-L-半胱氨酸 | Fmoc-N-Me-Cys(Trt)-OH | 944797-51-7 | C38H33NO4S |
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N-FMOC-N-甲基-BOC-N'-甲基-L-赖氨酸 | Fmoc-N-Me-Lys(Boc)-OH | 197632-76-1 | C27H34N2O6 |
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N-FMOC-DL-2-氟苯甘氨酸 | Fmoc-2-fluoro-DL-phenylglycine | 433291-96-4 | C23H18FNO4 |
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N-Boc-4-哌啶乙醇 | tert-butyl 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 89151-44-0 | C12H23NO3 |
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N-Boc-(S)-3-甲酸哌啶 | (3S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidine-3-carboxylic acid | 88495-54-9 | C11H19NO4 |
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N-BOC-S-4-甲基苄基-D-半胱氨酸 | (S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino-3-(4-methylbenzylthio)propanoic acid | 61925-78-8 | C16H23NO4S |
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