染料是指能使纤维等物料坚牢着色的有机物质。种类繁多,根据来源可分为天然染料和合成染料两大类。
一、按来源分类
天然染料虽然种类丰富,但由于色谱不全、应用不便及牢度差等缺点,多数已被合成染料取代。
二、按分子结构分类
三、按应用方法分类
四、染料的性质与用途
染料种类繁多,性质各异,用途广泛。作为物证时,通常固着在纺织纤维或纸张上,或作为墨水、印油、圆珠笔油、油墨的一种组织成分。检验方法包括微量化学法、薄层色谱法、液相色谱法、紫外-可见吸收光谱法及荧光光谱法。
五、染料行业发展
20世纪70年代至90年代,世界染料行业以开发新品种和提高质量为主,年产量保持在100万吨左右。中国染料行业自80年代以来快速发展,90年代至今侧重于提高质量,产量每年维持在30万吨上下,2000年的产量为31.56万吨。
纺织品染色是染料的主要用途之一,占总量的约85%,其余用于皮革、塑料、纸张及涂料等的着色。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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还原金橙G | pyranthrone | 128-70-1 | C30H14O2 |
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还原蓝ER | 2.5-Bis-<1-amino-4-benzoylamino-2-anthrachinonyl>-1.3.4-oxdiazol | 15935-52-1 | C44H26N6O7 |
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还原蓝66 | 2-acetyl-4-[[4-(3-acetyl-4-amino-9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl)imino-6-phenyl-1H-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylidene]amino]-1-aminoanthracene-9,10-dione | 32220-82-9 | C41H27N7O6 |
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还原绿8 | Bisnaphth(2',3':6,7)indolo(2,3-c:2',3'-c')dinaphtho(2,3-i:2',3'-i')benzo(1,2-a:5,4-a')dicarbazole-5,7,9,14,19,24,26,28,33,38-decone, 6,8,25,27-tetrahydro- | 14999-97-4 | C70H28N4O10 |
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还原绿2 | Anthra(9,1,2-cde)benzo(rst)pentaphene-5,10-dione, dibromo-16,17-dimethoxy- | 11129-82-1 | C36H18Br2O4 |
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还原绿1 | Jade Green XBN | 128-58-5 | C36H20O4 |
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还原红6B | Astrazon Red 6B | 6441-82-3 | C24H30Cl2N2 |
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还原红42 | 1,4-bisbenzoylaminoanthraquinone | 2987-68-0 | C28H18N2O4 |
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还原红32 | 3,4,9,10-perylenetetraracarboxylic acid N,N′-di(4-chlorophenyl)diimide | 2379-77-3 | C36H16Cl2N2O4 |
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还原红31 | 9,10-Anthracenedione, 2,2'-(1,3,4-oxadiazole-2,5-diyl)bis[1-amino- | 52591-25-0 | C30H16N4O5 |
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还原红14 | C.I. Vat Red 14 | 8005-56-9 | C52H24N8O4 |
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还原红13 | 1,1′-diethyl-[3,3′-bidibenzo[cd,g]indazole]-6,6′(1H,1′H)-dione | 4203-77-4 | C32H22N4O2 |
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还原红10 | 2-(1-amino-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydro-anthracen-2-yl)-anthra[2,3-<i>d</i>]oxazole-5,10-dione | 2379-79-5 | C29H14N2O5 |
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还原红 41 | thioindigo | 522-75-8 | C16H8O2S2 |
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还原紫3B | Benzo(rst)phenanthro(10,1,2-cde)pentaphene-9,18-dione, bromo- | 1324-17-0 | C34H15BrO2 |
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还原紫3 | Benzo[b]thiophen-3(2H)-one, 5-chloro-2-(5-chloro-4,7-dimethyl-3-oxobenzo[b]thien-2(3H)-ylidene)-4,7-dimethyl- | 2379-75-1 | C20H14Cl2O2S2 |
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还原紫 13 | Vat Violet S | 4424-87-7 | C28H14N2O4 |
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还原紫 10 | isoviolanthrone | 128-64-3 | C34H16O2 |
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还原灰3B | 3H-Indol-3-one, 5-bromo-2-(9-chloro-3-oxonaphtho[1,2-b]thien-2(3H)-ylidene)-1,2-dihydro- | 1328-19-4 | C20H9BrClNO2S |
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还原深蓝BO | isoviolanthrone | 116-71-2 | C34H16O2 |
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还原橙7 | pigment orange 43 | 4424-06-0 | C26H12N4O2 |
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还原橙4 | 8,16-Pyranthrenedione, tribromo- | 1324-33-0 | C30H11Br3O2 |
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还原橙2 | 1,2-Dibromopyranthrene-8,16-dione | 1324-35-2 | C30H12Br2O2 |
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还原橙16 | 6<i>H</i>-dinaphth[2,3-<i>a</i>;2',3'-<i>h</i>]acridine-5,9,14,15,18-pentaone | 10142-57-1 | C29H13NO5 |
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还原橙15 | 4,11-bis-benzoylamino-16<i>H</i>-dinaphtho[2,3-<i>a</i>;2',3'-<i>i</i>]carbazole-5,10,15,17-tetraone | 2379-78-4 | C42H23N3O6 |
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还原橙11 | 6<i>H</i>,18<i>H</i>-dinaphtho[2,3-<i>i</i>;2',3'-<i>i</i>']benzo[1,2-<i>a</i>;4,5-<i>a</i>']dicarbazole-5,7,12,17,19,24-hexaone | 2172-33-0 | C42H18N2O6 |
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还原橄榄绿B | Vat Dark Green Zh | 3271-76-9 | C31H15NO3 |
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还原棕R | 4,9-bis-benzoylamino-16<i>H</i>-dinaphtho[2,3-<i>a</i>;2',3'-<i>i</i>]carbazole-5,10,15,17-tetraone | 131-92-0 | C42H23N3O6 |
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还原棕5 | Thioindigo Red Brown Zh | 3989-75-1 | C24H12O2S2 |
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还原棕25 | 4,9-bis-benzoylamino-1-methoxy-16<i>H</i>-dinaphtho[2,3-<i>a</i>;2',3'-<i>i</i>]carbazole-5,10,15,17-tetraone | 6247-46-7 | C43H25N3O7 |
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还原棕22 | C.I. Vat Brown 22 | 8005-30-9 | C26H10Cl2N4O2 |
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还原棕1 | Indanthren Brown BR | 2475-33-4 | C42H18N2O6 |
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还原桃红R | brillant pink R | 2379-74-0 | C18H10Cl2O2S2 |
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还原兰黑BBN | C.I. Vat Green 9 | 61725-94-8 | C34H14N2O6 |
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还原兰43 | 4-carbazol-3-ylimino-cyclohexa-2,5-dienone | 1327-79-3 | C18H12N2O |
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还原亮橙IRK | 4,10-dibromoanthanthrone | 4378-61-4 | C22H8Br2O2 |
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萤光红BK | 3-diethylamino-7-oxo-7H-chromeno[3',2'-3,4]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-6-carbonitrile | 52372-36-8 | C23H18N4O2 |
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萘酚 | 2,3-oxynaphthoic acid phenylamide | 92-77-3 | C17H13NO2 |
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荧光红H5B | 6-(p-Tolylamino)-N-methylanthrapyridone | 81-39-0 | C24H18N2O2 |
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荧光红Gg | Solvent Orange 63 | 16294-75-0 | C23H12OS |
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苯胺棕 | Bismarck brown Y | 1052-38-6 | C18H18N8 |
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苯甲腈 | benzonitrile | 100-47-0 | C7H5N |
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苏丹黑B | Sudan Black B | 4197-25-5 | C29H24N6 |
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苏丹蓝II | solvent blue 35 | 17354-14-2 | C22H26N2O2 |
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苏丹红 | Sudan III | 85-86-9 | C22H16N4O |
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苏丹Ⅳ | Sudan-IV | 85-83-6 | C24H20N4O |
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苏丹-1 | Sudan I | 842-07-9 | C16H12N2O |
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色酚AS-VL | N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxamide | 4711-68-6 | C19H17NO3 |
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色酚AS-TR | naphthol ASTR | 92-76-2 | C18H14ClNO2 |
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色酚AS-SG | 2-Hydroxy-11H-benzo[a]carbazole-3-carboxy-p-anisidide | 86-19-1 | C24H18N2O3 |
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