染料是指能使纤维等物料坚牢着色的有机物质。种类繁多,根据来源可分为天然染料和合成染料两大类。
一、按来源分类
天然染料虽然种类丰富,但由于色谱不全、应用不便及牢度差等缺点,多数已被合成染料取代。
二、按分子结构分类
三、按应用方法分类
四、染料的性质与用途
染料种类繁多,性质各异,用途广泛。作为物证时,通常固着在纺织纤维或纸张上,或作为墨水、印油、圆珠笔油、油墨的一种组织成分。检验方法包括微量化学法、薄层色谱法、液相色谱法、紫外-可见吸收光谱法及荧光光谱法。
五、染料行业发展
20世纪70年代至90年代,世界染料行业以开发新品种和提高质量为主,年产量保持在100万吨左右。中国染料行业自80年代以来快速发展,90年代至今侧重于提高质量,产量每年维持在30万吨上下,2000年的产量为31.56万吨。
纺织品染色是染料的主要用途之一,占总量的约85%,其余用于皮革、塑料、纸张及涂料等的着色。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 酸性橙 7 | 4-[2-(2-Hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazen-1-yl]benzenesulfonic acid sodium | 633-96-5 | C16H12N2NaO4S |
| 酸性棕O | Acid brown 98 | 12269-88-4 | C48H39FeN15O21S3 |
| 酸性棕B | Disodium;4-[(3,5-dinitro-2-oxidophenyl)diazenyl]-3-hydroxy-6-[(8-hydroxy-3,6-disulfonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]-2-[(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]phenolate | —— | C28H15N9Na2O16S2 |
| 酸性棕15 | Acid Brown 15 | 5850-15-7 | C22H14N4Na2O8S2 |
| 酸性嫩黄PL | 12217-38-8 | C24H21Cl2N5NaO6S2 | |
| 酸性媒介棕6 | 4,6-Dinitro-4'-methyl-2,2'-azodiphenol | 6247-28-5 | C13H10N4O6 |
| 酸性媒介棕4 | 2-(4,6-Diamino-m-tolylazo)-4,6-dinitrophenol | 6247-27-4 | C13H12N6O5 |
| 酸性兰62 | 4368-56-3 | C20H20N2NaO5S | |
| 酸性兰47 | 4403-89-8 | C22H18N2NaO5S | |
| 酸性兰25 | 6408-78-2 | C20H14N2NaO5S | |
| 酸性兰182 | Acid Blue 182 | 12219-26-0 | C23H17N3Na2O9S2 |
| 酸性兰138 | Disodium 1-amino-4-(4-dodecylsulphonatoanilino)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulphonate | 1324-53-4 | C32H36N2Na2O8S2 |
| 酸性兰 129 | 6397-02-0 | C23H20N2NaO5S | |
| 邻磺酰胺苯甲酸甲酯 | Tracid red 2BS | 57741-47-6 | C17H11ClF3N3NaO4S |
| 邻氯苯胺盐酸盐 | 2-chloroaniline hydrochloride | 137-04-2 | C6H7ClN*Cl |
| 透明蓝R | N-[4-[(4-hydroxyanthraquinone-1-yl)amino]phenyl]ethanamide | 67905-17-3 | C22H16N2O4 |
| 透明蓝AP | 1,4-bis(isopropylamino)anthraquinone | 14233-37-5 | C20H22N2O2 |
| 透明紫BS | 1,4-diamino-2,3-dichloroanthraquinone | 81-42-5 | C14H8Cl2N2O2 |
| 还原黑29 | N-[4-[[18-[[4-[[hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]amino]-9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl]amino]-12,22-dioxo-9-hexacyclo[11.7.1.14,20.02,11.03,8.017,21]docosa-1(21),2,4,6,8,10,13,15,17,19-decaenyl]amino]-9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl]benzenecarboximidic acid | 6049-19-0 | C64H34N4O8 |
| 还原黑27 | 6,9-bis-benzoylamino-16<i>H</i>-dinaphtho[2,3-<i>a</i>;2',3'-<i>i</i>]carbazole-5,10,15,17-tetraone | 2379-81-9 | C42H23N3O6 |
| 还原黑25 | Indanthren Olive T | 4395-53-3 | C45H22N2O5 |
| 还原黄GCN | Algol Yellow-GC | 129-09-9 | C28H14N2O2S2 |
| 还原黄G | flavanthrone | 475-71-8 | C28H12N2O2 |
| 还原黄F3GL | C.I. Vat Yellow 33 | 12227-50-8 | C54H32N4O6 |
| 还原黄4 | dibenzo[b,def]chrysene-7,14-dione | 128-66-5 | C24H12O2 |
| 还原黄12 | <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-bis-(5-benzoylamino-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydro-[1]anthryl)-oxalamide | 6370-75-8 | C44H26N4O8 |
| 还原黄10 | N-[5-[[4-[4-[[4-[4-[[5-[[hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]amino]-9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl]carbamoyl]phenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]phenyl]benzoyl]amino]-9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl]benzenecarboximidic acid | 2379-76-2 | C68H42N6O8 |
| 还原金橙G | pyranthrone | 128-70-1 | C30H14O2 |
| 还原蓝ER | 2.5-Bis-<1-amino-4-benzoylamino-2-anthrachinonyl>-1.3.4-oxdiazol | 15935-52-1 | C44H26N6O7 |
| 还原蓝66 | 2-acetyl-4-[[4-(3-acetyl-4-amino-9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl)imino-6-phenyl-1H-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylidene]amino]-1-aminoanthracene-9,10-dione | 32220-82-9 | C41H27N7O6 |
| 还原绿8 | Bisnaphth(2',3':6,7)indolo(2,3-c:2',3'-c')dinaphtho(2,3-i:2',3'-i')benzo(1,2-a:5,4-a')dicarbazole-5,7,9,14,19,24,26,28,33,38-decone, 6,8,25,27-tetrahydro- | 14999-97-4 | C70H28N4O10 |
| 还原绿2 | Anthra(9,1,2-cde)benzo(rst)pentaphene-5,10-dione, dibromo-16,17-dimethoxy- | 11129-82-1 | C36H18Br2O4 |
| 还原绿1 | Jade Green XBN | 128-58-5 | C36H20O4 |
| 还原红6B | Astrazon Red 6B | 6441-82-3 | C24H30Cl2N2 |
| 还原红42 | 1,4-bisbenzoylaminoanthraquinone | 2987-68-0 | C28H18N2O4 |
| 还原红32 | 3,4,9,10-perylenetetraracarboxylic acid N,N′-di(4-chlorophenyl)diimide | 2379-77-3 | C36H16Cl2N2O4 |
| 还原红31 | 9,10-Anthracenedione, 2,2'-(1,3,4-oxadiazole-2,5-diyl)bis[1-amino- | 52591-25-0 | C30H16N4O5 |
| 还原红14 | C.I. Vat Red 14 | 8005-56-9 | C52H24N8O4 |
| 还原红13 | 1,1′-diethyl-[3,3′-bidibenzo[cd,g]indazole]-6,6′(1H,1′H)-dione | 4203-77-4 | C32H22N4O2 |
| 还原红10 | 2-(1-amino-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydro-anthracen-2-yl)-anthra[2,3-<i>d</i>]oxazole-5,10-dione | 2379-79-5 | C29H14N2O5 |
| 还原红 41 | thioindigo | 522-75-8 | C16H8O2S2 |
| 还原紫3B | Benzo(rst)phenanthro(10,1,2-cde)pentaphene-9,18-dione, bromo- | 1324-17-0 | C34H15BrO2 |
| 还原紫3 | Benzo[b]thiophen-3(2H)-one, 5-chloro-2-(5-chloro-4,7-dimethyl-3-oxobenzo[b]thien-2(3H)-ylidene)-4,7-dimethyl- | 2379-75-1 | C20H14Cl2O2S2 |
| 还原紫 13 | Vat Violet S | 4424-87-7 | C28H14N2O4 |
| 还原紫 10 | isoviolanthrone | 128-64-3 | C34H16O2 |
| 还原灰3B | 3H-Indol-3-one, 5-bromo-2-(9-chloro-3-oxonaphtho[1,2-b]thien-2(3H)-ylidene)-1,2-dihydro- | 1328-19-4 | C20H9BrClNO2S |
| 还原深蓝BO | isoviolanthrone | 116-71-2 | C34H16O2 |
| 还原橙7 | pigment orange 43 | 4424-06-0 | C26H12N4O2 |
| 还原橙4 | 8,16-Pyranthrenedione, tribromo- | 1324-33-0 | C30H11Br3O2 |
| 还原橙2 | 1,2-Dibromopyranthrene-8,16-dione | 1324-35-2 | C30H12Br2O2 |