染料是指能使纤维等物料坚牢着色的有机物质。种类繁多,根据来源可分为天然染料和合成染料两大类。
一、按来源分类
天然染料虽然种类丰富,但由于色谱不全、应用不便及牢度差等缺点,多数已被合成染料取代。
二、按分子结构分类
三、按应用方法分类
四、染料的性质与用途
染料种类繁多,性质各异,用途广泛。作为物证时,通常固着在纺织纤维或纸张上,或作为墨水、印油、圆珠笔油、油墨的一种组织成分。检验方法包括微量化学法、薄层色谱法、液相色谱法、紫外-可见吸收光谱法及荧光光谱法。
五、染料行业发展
20世纪70年代至90年代,世界染料行业以开发新品种和提高质量为主,年产量保持在100万吨左右。中国染料行业自80年代以来快速发展,90年代至今侧重于提高质量,产量每年维持在30万吨上下,2000年的产量为31.56万吨。
纺织品染色是染料的主要用途之一,占总量的约85%,其余用于皮革、塑料、纸张及涂料等的着色。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 碱性黄40 | 1H-Benzimidazolium, 2-(7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-3-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-, chloride | 29556-33-0 | C22H24ClN3O2 |
| 碱性黄21 | C.I. Basic yellow 21 | 6359-50-8 | C22H25ClN2 |
| 碱性黄11 | 2-{2-[(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)amino]vinyl}-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium chloride | 4208-80-4 | C21H25N2O2*Cl |
| 碱性蓝3 | 3,7-Bis(diethylamino)phenoxazin-5-ium nitrate | 73570-52-2 | C20H26N4O4 |
| 碱性蓝26 | 4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-(4-phenyliminonaphthalen-1-ylidene)methyl]-N,N-dimethylaniline;hydrochloride | 2580-56-5 | C33H32ClN3 |
| 碱性蓝11 | 4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-(4-ethyliminonaphthalen-1-ylidene)methyl]-N,N-dimethylaniline;hydrochloride | 2185-86-6 | C29H32ClN3 |
| 碱性蓝 7 | basic blue 7 | 2390-60-5 | C33H40N3*Cl |
| 碱性蓝 3 | basic blue 3 | 33203-82-6 | C20H26N3O*Cl |
| 碱性蓝 | Alkali Blue 5B | 30586-13-1 | C32H28N3NaO4S |
| 碱性绿 4 | malachite green, oxalate salt | 2437-29-8 | 2C2HO4*C2H2O4*2C23H25N2 |
| 碱性绿 1 | brilliant green | 633-03-4 | C27H33N2*HO4S |
| 碱性红51 | basic red 51 | 77061-58-6 | C13H18N5*Cl |
| 碱性红46 | basic red 46 | 12221-69-1 | Br*C18H21N6 |
| 碱性红1:1 | rhodamine 6Zh | 3068-39-1 | C27H29N2O3*Cl |
| 碱性红14 | Basic Red 14 | 12217-48-0 | C23H26ClN3 |
| 碱性红12 | basic red 12 | 6320-14-5 | C25H29N2*Cl |
| 碱性红 9 | basic red 9 | 569-61-9 | C19H18N3*Cl |
| 碱性红 2 | safranin O | 477-73-6 | C20H19N4*Cl |
| 碱性红 11 | rhodamine 3B | 2390-63-8 | C30H35N2O3*Cl |
| 碱性红 1 | rhodamine 6G | 989-38-8 | C28H31N2O3*Cl |
| 碱性紫11:1 | ZINC;[6-(diethylamino)-9-(2-methoxycarbonylphenyl)xanthen-3-ylidene]-diethylazanium;tetrachloride | 73398-89-7 | C29H33Cl4N2O3Zn- |
| 碱性紫1 | rhodamine B | 39393-39-0 | C29H33N2O3*Cl |
| 碱性紫 2 | New Fuchsin | 3248-91-7 | C22H23N3*ClH |
| 碱性紫 | ethyl violet | 2390-59-2 | C31H42N3*Cl |
| 碱性橙21 | Astrazon Orange G | 3056-93-7 | C22H23N2*Cl |
| 碱性橙 31 | 2-(4-amino-phenylazo)-1,3-dimethyl-3H-imidazol-1-ium chloride | 97404-02-9 | C11H14N5*Cl |
| 碱性橙 2 | Basic orange 2 | 532-82-1 | C12H12N4*ClH |
| 碱性槐黄 | auramine O | 2465-27-2 | C17H21N3*ClH |
| 碱性棕4 | Bismarck brown R | 4482-25-1 | C21H24N8 |
| 碱性兰54 | 2-[[(4-Dimethylamino)phenyl]azo]-6-methoxy-3-methylbenzothiazol-3-ium methylsulfate | 15000-59-6 | CH3O4S*C17H19N4OS |
| 碱性兰41 | basic blue 41 | 12270-13-2 | CH3O4S*C19H23N4O2S |
| 碘中性红 | Neutral red iodide | 34038-87-4 | C15H17IN4 |
| 溶剂紫 13 | 1-hydroxy-4-(4-methylphenylamino)-9,10-anthraquinone | 81-48-1 | C21H15NO3 |
| 硫化绿3 | 8-anilino-5-(4-hydroxy-anilino)-naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid | 82-31-5 | C22H18N2O4S |
| 硫化红11 | Einecs 267-761-0 | 67923-45-9 | C38H16N4O4S2 |
| 直接黄8 | Sodium 6-methyl-2-(4-((2-oxo-1-((phenylamino)carbonyl)propyl)azo)phenyl)benzothiazole-7-sulphonate | 10130-29-7 | C24H19N4NaO5S2 |
| 直接黄62 | Benzenesulfonic acid, 5-[(4-aminobenzoyl)amino]-2-[2-[4-[[4-[(4-aminobenzoyl)amino]benzoyl]amino]-2-sulfophenyl]ethenyl]-, disodium salt | 6409-90-1 | C35H27N5Na2O9S2 |
| 直接黄59单钠盐 | Primuline | 10360-31-3 | C21H14N3NaO3S3 |
| 直接黄28 | C.I. Direct Yellow 28 | 8005-72-9 | C28H18N4Na2O6S4 |
| 直接黄24 | C.I. Direct Yellow 24 | 6486-29-9 | C17H16N2O3 |
| 直接青莲N | 2586-60-9 | C32H24N6Na2O8S2 | |
| 直接蓝22 | 2586-57-4 | C34H27N5NaO10S2 | |
| 直接红9 | tetrasodium;2-[[8-[[6-chloro-4-[4-(6-methyl-7-sulfo-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)anilino]-1H-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylidene]amino]-1-oxido-3,6-disulfonatonaphthalen-2-yl]diazenyl]benzoate | —— | C34H19ClN8Na4O12S4 |
| 直接红239 | Direct red 239 | 60202-35-9 | C41H24N6Na4O15S4 |
| 直接红101 | Tetrasodium 4,4'-(carbonylbis(imino-4,1-phenyleneazo))bis(3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonate) | 6771-81-9 | C33H22N8Na4O15S4 |
| 直接紫12 | C.I. Direct violet 12 | 2429-75-6 | C32H22N6Na2O8S2 |
| 直接灰D | 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-amino-3-[2-[4-[2-(4-aminophenyl)diazenyl]-2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl]diazenyl]-4-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:1) | 2945-96-2 | C24H22N6NaO5S |
| 直接橙2GL | Direct Orange 39 | 1325-54-8 | C12H10N3NaO3S |
| 直接棕32 | Disodium 3-((4-((4-((2,4-diamino-5-nitrophenyl)azo)-m-tolyl)azo)-o-tolyl)azo)naphthalene-1,5-disulphonate | 6739-48-6 | C30H23N9Na2O8S2 |
| 直接棕223 | Disodium;5-[[4-[[4-[(7-amino-1-hydroxy-3-sulfonatonaphthalen-2-yl)diazenyl]benzoyl]amino]phenyl]diazenyl]-2-hydroxybenzoate | 76930-14-8 | C30H20N6Na2O8S |