染料是指能使纤维等物料坚牢着色的有机物质。种类繁多,根据来源可分为天然染料和合成染料两大类。
一、按来源分类
天然染料虽然种类丰富,但由于色谱不全、应用不便及牢度差等缺点,多数已被合成染料取代。
二、按分子结构分类
三、按应用方法分类
四、染料的性质与用途
染料种类繁多,性质各异,用途广泛。作为物证时,通常固着在纺织纤维或纸张上,或作为墨水、印油、圆珠笔油、油墨的一种组织成分。检验方法包括微量化学法、薄层色谱法、液相色谱法、紫外-可见吸收光谱法及荧光光谱法。
五、染料行业发展
20世纪70年代至90年代,世界染料行业以开发新品种和提高质量为主,年产量保持在100万吨左右。中国染料行业自80年代以来快速发展,90年代至今侧重于提高质量,产量每年维持在30万吨上下,2000年的产量为31.56万吨。
纺织品染色是染料的主要用途之一,占总量的约85%,其余用于皮革、塑料、纸张及涂料等的着色。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 分散黄 7 | C.I. disperse yellow 7 | 6300-37-4 | C19H16N4O |
| 分散黄 3 | disperse yellow 3 | 2832-40-8 | C15H15N3O2 |
| 分散蓝HGL | 2,2'-({5-acetamide-4-[(2-bromo-4,6-dinitrophenyl)azo]-2-ethoxyphenyl}imino)diethyl diacetate | 12239-34-8 | C24H27BrN6O10 |
| 分散蓝7 | 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-bis<<2-hydroxyethyl>amino>-9,10-anthracenedione | 3179-90-6 | C18H18N2O6 |
| 分散蓝359 | 2-Anthracenecarbonitrile, 1-amino-4-(ethylamino)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo- | 62570-50-7 | C17H13N3O2 |
| 分散蓝301 | 2-[(2-bromo-4,6-dinitrophenyl)azo]-4-methoxy-5-[bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]acetanilide | 26377-33-3 | C21H25BrN6O8 |
| 分散蓝26 | Disperse blue 26 | 3860-63-7 | C16H14N2O4 |
| 分散蓝 291 | 2-[(2-bromo-4,6-dinitrophenyl)azo]-5-(diethylamino)-4-methoxyacetanilide | 56548-64-2 | C19H21BrN6O6 |
| 分散蓝 14 | disperse blue 14 | 2475-44-7 | C16H14N2O2 |
| 分散蓝 106 | C.I. disperse red 106 | 68516-81-4 | C14H17N5O3S |
| 分散艳黄6GSL | Disperse Yellow 114 | 61968-66-9 | C20H16N4O4S |
| 分散红玉H-2GFL | Disperse Red 167 | 26850-12-4 | C23H26ClN5O7 |
| 分散红玉C-B | Benzonitrile, 2-((4-(bis(2-(acetyloxy)ethyl)amino)-2-methylphenyl)azo)-5-nitro- | 66882-16-4 | C22H23N5O6 |
| 分散红E-4B | C. I. disperse red 60 | 17418-58-5 | C20H13NO4 |
| 分散红9 | 1-(methylamino)anthraquinone | 82-38-2 | C15H11NO2 |
| 分散红74 | Disperse Red 74 | 61703-11-5 | C22H25N5O7 |
| 分散红72 | 2-({4-[(2-cyano-3-nitrophenyl)azo]phenyl}(2-cyanoethyl)amino)ethyl acetate | 12223-39-1 | C20H18N6O4 |
| 分散红58 | disperse red 58 | 6373-93-9 | C18H20N4O3S |
| 分散红54号滤饼 | 4'-Nitro-2'-chlor-4-<N-cyanoaethyl-N-acetoxyaethylamino>-azobenzol | 6021-61-0 | C19H18ClN5O4 |
| 分散红4 | 1-amino-2-methoxy-4-hydroxy-anthraquinone | 2379-90-0 | C15H11NO4 |
| 分散红356 | 3-(4-Butoxyphenyl)-7-phenylfuro[2,3-f][1]benzofuran-2,6-dione | 159968-00-0 | C26H20O5 |
| 分散红2B | 3-(ethyl{3-methyl-4-[(6-nitrobenzothiazol-2-yl)azo]phenyl}amino)propiononitrile | 16586-42-8 | C19H18N6O2S |
| 分散红177 | 2-((2-cyanoethyl){4-[(6-nitrobenzothiazol-2-yl)azo]phenyl}amino)ethyl acetate | 68133-69-7 | C20H18N6O4S |
| 分散红17 | Disperse Red 17 | 3179-89-3 | C17H20N4O4 |
| 分散红153 | 3-[[4-[(6,7-Dichlorobenzothiazol-2-yl)azo]phenyl]ethylamino]propanenitrile | 25150-28-1 | C18H15Cl2N5S |
| 分散红145 | 3-[N-ethyl-4-[(6-nitro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)diazenyl]anilino]propanenitrile | 25510-81-0 | C18H16N6O2S |
| 分散红13 | disperse red 13 | 3180-81-2 | C16H17ClN4O3 |
| 分散红11 | 1,4-diamino-2-methoxy-9,10-anthraquinone | 2872-48-2 | C15H12N2O3 |
| 分散红 92 | disperse red 92 | 72363-26-9 | C25H24N2O7S |
| 分散红 73 | 2'-cyano-4'-nitro-4-(N-β-cyanoethyl-N-ethyl)amino-1,1'-azobenzene | 16889-10-4 | C18H16N6O2 |
| 分散红 50 | 2'-chloro-4'-nitro-4-(N-β-cyanoethyl-N-ethyl)amino-1,1'-azobenzene | 40880-51-1 | C17H16ClN5O2 |
| 分散红 1 | disperse red 1 | 2872-52-8 | C16H18N4O3 |
| 分散红 | 4-[(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]benzene-1,3-diamine | 25910-57-0 | C12H11N5O2 |
| 分散紫63 | 2-Chloro-N-(2-((2-cyano-4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)-5-(diethylamino)phenyl)acetamide | 64294-88-8 | C19H19ClN6O3 |
| 分散紫15 | 1-amino-4-N-isopropylaminoanthraquinone | 62649-65-4 | C17H16N2O2 |
| 分散紫 26 | 1,4-diamino-2,3-diphenoxyanthraquinone | 6408-72-6 | C26H18N2O4 |
| 分散湖蓝S-GL | C.I. disperse blue 60 | 12217-80-0 | C20H17N3O5 |
| 分散橙A | 4'-Nitro-4-<N-cyanoaethyl-N-hydroxyaethyl-amino>-azobenzol | 6657-32-5 | C17H17N5O3 |
| 分散橙73号滤饼 | Propanenitrile, 3-[[2-(benzoyloxy)ethyl][4-[(4-nitrophenyl)azo]phenyl]amino]- | 40690-89-9 | C24H21N5O4 |
| 分散橙31 | 4-(4-Nitrophenylazo)-N-(2-cyanoethyl)-N-(2-acetoxyethyl)aniline | 68391-42-4 | C19H19N5O4 |
| 分散橙13 | disperse orange 13 | 6253-10-7 | C22H16N4O |
| 分散橙11 | disperse orange 11 | 82-28-0 | C15H11NO2 |
| 分散橙1 | disperse orange 1 | 2581-69-3 | C18H14N4O2 |
| 分散橙 76 | 2',6'-dichloro-4'-nitro-4-(N-β-cyanoethyl-N-ethyl)amino-1,1'-azobenzene | 13301-61-6 | C17H15Cl2N5O2 |
| 分散橙 44 | 3-[4-[(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-N-(2-cyanoethyl)anilino] propanenitrile | 4058-30-4 | C18H15ClN6O2 |
| 分散橙 30 | disperse orange 30 | 5261-31-4 | C19H17Cl2N5O4 |
| 分散橙 29 | 4-({2-methoxy-4-[(4-nitrophenyl)azo]phenyl}azo)phenol | 19800-42-1 | C19H15N5O4 |
| 分散橙 25 | 3-[N-ethyl-4-(4-nitrophenylazo)phenylamino]propionitrile | 31482-56-1 | C17H17N5O2 |
| 分散棕1 | C.I. disperse brown 1 | 23355-64-8 | C16H15Cl3N4O4 |
| 分散兰BBLS | Disperse Blue 165 | 41642-51-7 | C20H19N7O3 |