Benzimidazoles: Novel Mycobacterial Gyrase Inhibitors from Scaffold Morphing
摘要:
Type II topoisomerases are well conserved across the bacterial species, and inhibition of DNA gyrase by fluoroquinolones has provided an attractive option for treatment of tuberculosis (TB). However, the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) poses a threat for its sustainability. A scaffold hopping approach using the binding mode of novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors (NBTIs) led to the identification of a novel class of benzimidazoles as DNA gyrase inhibitors with potent anti-TB activity. Docking of benzimidazoles to a NBTI bound crystal structure suggested that this class of compound makes key contacts in the enzyme active site similar to the reported NBTIs. This observation was further confirmed through the measurement of DNA gyrase inhibition, and activity against Mtb strains harboring mutations that confer resistance to aminopiperidines based NBTIs and Mtb strains resistant to moxifloxacin. Structure activity relationship modification at the C-7 position of the left-hand side ring provided further avenue to improve hERG selectivity for this chemical series that has been the major challenges for NBTIs.
Benzimidazoles: Novel Mycobacterial Gyrase Inhibitors from Scaffold Morphing
摘要:
Type II topoisomerases are well conserved across the bacterial species, and inhibition of DNA gyrase by fluoroquinolones has provided an attractive option for treatment of tuberculosis (TB). However, the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) poses a threat for its sustainability. A scaffold hopping approach using the binding mode of novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors (NBTIs) led to the identification of a novel class of benzimidazoles as DNA gyrase inhibitors with potent anti-TB activity. Docking of benzimidazoles to a NBTI bound crystal structure suggested that this class of compound makes key contacts in the enzyme active site similar to the reported NBTIs. This observation was further confirmed through the measurement of DNA gyrase inhibition, and activity against Mtb strains harboring mutations that confer resistance to aminopiperidines based NBTIs and Mtb strains resistant to moxifloxacin. Structure activity relationship modification at the C-7 position of the left-hand side ring provided further avenue to improve hERG selectivity for this chemical series that has been the major challenges for NBTIs.
Compounds of Formula I are useful antipsychotic and antidepressant agents demonstrating potent inhibition of 5-HT reuptake and dopamine D2 receptor antagonism.
Ar—Y—(CH
2
)
m
—Z I
In Formula I:
Ar is selected from
1
Z is II or III;
2
Y is sulfur or oxygen;
R
1
and R
4
are independently selected from H and lower alkyl;
R
2
, R
3
, R
6
and R
7
are independently selected from H, halogen, and lower alkoxy;
R
5
is selected from H, halogen, lower alkoxy and cyano;
m is an integer from 2-6;
n is zero or the integer 1 or 2; and
a dotted line represents an optional double bond.
The present invention is directed to novel 3-piperidin-4-yl-indole derivatives of formula (I)
and forms thereof, wherein X, R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, R
4
and R
5
are as herein defined, pharmaceutical compositions thereof and use as ORL-1 receptor modulators for treating, preventing or ameliorating ORL-1 receptor mediated disorders and conditions.
Pyrazole-based cathepsin S inhibitors with improved cellular potency
作者:Jianmei Wei、Barbara A. Pio、Hui Cai、Steven P. Meduna、Siquan Sun、Yin Gu、Wen Jiang、Robin L. Thurmond、Lars Karlsson、James P. Edwards
DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.08.038
日期:2007.10
High potency pyrazole-based noncovalent inhibitors of human cathepsin S (CatS) were developed by modification of the benzo-fused 5-membered ring heterocycles found in earlier series of Cats inhibitors. Although substitutions on this heterocyclic framework had a moderate impact on enzymatic potency, dramatic effects on cellular activity were observed. Optimization afforded indole- and benzothiophene-derived analogues that were high affinity Cats inhibitors (IC50 = 20-40 nM) with good cellular potency (IC50 = 30-340 nM). (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.