Reverse Engineering of the Selective Agonist TBPB Unveils Both Orthosteric and Allosteric Modes of Action at the M<sub>1</sub> Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor
作者:Peter Keov、Celine Valant、Shane M. Devine、J. Robert Lane、Peter J. Scammells、Patrick M. Sexton、Arthur Christopoulos
DOI:10.1124/mol.113.087320
日期:2013.9
Recent interest in the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (mAChR) has led to the discovery of various selective agonists for the receptor. The novel selective agonist 1-(1′-(2-methylbenzyl)-1,4′-bipiperidin-4-yl)-1 H- benzo[ d ]imidazol-2(3 H )-1 (TBPB) displays unprecedented functional selectivity at the M1 mAChR. This functional selectivity has been described to stem from sole interaction with an allosteric site, although the evidence for such a mechanism is equivocal. To delineate TBPB’s mechanism of action, several truncated variants of TBPB were synthesized and characterized. Binding experiments with [3H] N -methylscopolamine at the M1, M2, M3, and M4 mAChRs revealed radioligand displacement in a manner consistent with a competitive binding mode at the orthosteric site by TBPB and fragment derivatives. Cell-based functional assays of fragment derivatives of TBPB identified both agonistic and antagonistic moieties, one of which, 1-(1-cyclohexylpiperidin-4-yl)-1 H -benzo[ d ]imidazol-2(3 H )-1 (VCP794), lost agonistic selectivity for the M1 mAChR. Further interaction experiments between TBPB or its antagonist fragments with ACh also indicated a mechanism consistent with competitive binding at mAChRs. However, interaction with an allosteric site by an antagonist fragment of TBPB was demonstrated via its ability to retard radioligand dissociation. To reconcile this dual orthosteric/allosteric pharmacological behavior, we propose that TBPB is a bitopic ligand, interacting with both the orthosteric site and an allosteric site, at the M1 mAChR. This mechanism may also be the case for other selective agonists for mAChRs, and should be taken into consideration in the profiling and classification of new novel selective agonists for this receptor family.
最近对M1毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱(ACh)受体(mAChR)的关注,导致发现了该受体的多种选择性激动剂。新型选择性激动剂1-(1′-(2-甲基苄基)-1,4′-联哌啶-4-基)-1 H-苯并[d]咪唑-2(3 H )-1 (TBPB)在M1 mAChR上表现出前所未有的功能选择性。这种功能选择性被认为源于与变构位点的唯一相互作用,尽管这种机制的证据并不明确。为了描述TBPB的作用机制,我们合成并表征了TBPB的几个截短变体。在M1、M2、M3和M4 mAChR上与[3H] N-甲基东莨菪碱的结合实验表明,放射性配体的置换方式与TBPB和片段衍生物在正构位点的竞争性结合模式一致。TBPB片段衍生物的细胞功能测定确定了激动剂和拮抗剂部分,其中一种1-(1-环己基哌啶-4-基)-1 H-苯并[d]咪唑-2(3 H )-1 (VCP794)失去了对M1 mAChR的激动剂选择性。TBPB或其拮抗剂片段与ACh的