Effects of Linker Length on the Rate and Selectivity of Platinum-Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkylation of the Bis(isitylphosphino)alkanes IsHP(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub><i>n</i></sub>PHIs (Is = 2,4,6-(<i>i</i>-Pr)<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>2</sub>, <i>n</i> = 1−5)
作者:Timothy W. Chapp、Adam J. Schoenfeld、David S. Glueck
DOI:10.1021/om100174c
日期:2010.6.14
Catalytic asymmetric alkylation of the bis(secondary phosphines) IsHP(CH2)(n)PHIs (1a-e, n = 1-5, Is = isityl = 2,4,6-(i-Pr)(3)C6H2) with benzyl bromide using the base NaOSiMe3 and the catalyst precursor Pt((R,R)-Me-DuPhos)(Ph)(Cl) gave the bis(tertiary phosphines) Is(PhCH2)P(CH2)(n)P(CH2Ph)Is (2a-e, n = 1-5) via the intermediates Is(PhCH2)P(CH2)(n)PHIs (4a-e, n = 1-5). The rates of these reactions depended strongly on n, in the order 1a < 1b < 1c approximate to 1d approximate to 1e. The bulkier bis(secondary phosphine) Mes*HP(CH2)(2)PHMe5* (5, Mes* = 2,4,6-(t-Bu)(3)C6H2) did not undergo catalytic alkylation under these conditions. The alkylation selectivity also depended on n. Alkylation of 1b was meso-selective, while alkylation of 1a,c-e was roe-selective, occurring with similar diastercoselectivity and enantioselectivity for the longer linkers (1c-e). The product ratios suggested that the catalyst controlled the selectivity for 1d,e, while substrate control operated for ethano-bridged 1b, with negative cooperativity. Substrate control also likely occurred for I a, for which competition from the background alkylation was significant. Analysis of the observed diastereo- and enantioselectivity for Pt-catalyzed alkylation of 1c and the mixed secondary/tertiary phosphine IsHP(CH2)(3)P(CH2Ph)Is (4c) yielded quantitative information on the selectivity of both P-C bond-forming steps, which was consistent with predominant catalyst control, altered slightly by the influence of the substrate.