Unique methods have been developed to convert saccharides into value-added products such as alkyl lactates, lactic acid, alkyl levulinates, levulinic acid, and optionally alkyl formate esters and/or hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Useful catalysts include Lewis acid catalysts and Brønsted acid catalysts including mineral acids, metal halides, immobilized heterogeneous catalysts functionalized with a Brønsted acid group or a Lewis acid group, or combinations thereof. The saccharides are contacted with the catalyst in the presence of various alcohols.
已经开发出了独特的方法,将
碳水化合物转化为附加价值的产品,如烷基
乳酸酯、
乳酸、烷基左旋内酯、左旋内酯酸和可选的烷基
甲酸酯和/或羟甲基
糠醛(
HMF)。有用的催化剂包括Lewis酸催化剂和Brønsted酸催化剂,包括矿酸、
金属卤化物、功能化了Brønsted酸基团或Lewis酸基团的固定化异质催化剂,或其组合物。在存在各种醇的情况下,将
碳水化合物与催化剂接触。