Synthesis, Complexation, and Membrane Transport Studies of 1,3-Alternate Calix[4]arene-crown-6 Conformers: A New Class of Cesium Selective Ionophores
摘要:
1,3-Dialkoxycalix[3]arene-crown-6 ionophores (4a-d) are obtained in the fixed 1,3-alternate conformation in 63-85% yield by the reaction of the corresponding 1,3-dialkoxycalix[4]arenes 3a-d with pentaethylene glycol ditosylate in CH3CN in the presence of Cs2CO3. The corresponding cone conformer of the diisopropyl derivative (6) was synthesized via selective demethylation of the 1,3-dimethoxycalix-crown (2a) and subsequent dialkylation. Extraction experiments with alkali picrates reveal a strong preference of ligands 4 for Cs+. Thermodynamic parameters obtained for the complexation of 4a show that the high stability constant in MeOH (log beta = 6.4 +/- 0.4) is reflected mainly in the large -Delta H-c value of 50.2 +/- 0.2 kJ . mol(-1). The entropy of complexation (T Delta S-c = -15 kJ . mol(-1)), less negative than for other crown ethers, is explained in terms of preorganization of 4a. The X-ray structure of the cesium picrate . 4a complex shows clearly that the cation is positioned between the two aromatic rings with short Cs-C distances of 3.49 and 3.69 Angstrom, respectively. H-1 MMR spectroscopy confirms this type of structure in solution. Ligands 4 incorporated in supported liquid membranes transport Cs+ cations with a high preference over Na+. By the application of an anion gradient, traces of Cs+ can be removed (greater than or equal to 99.8%) from acidic solutions (pH = 0) that contain 4 M of NaNO3.
Stilbene-bridged 1,3-alternate calix[4]arene crown ether for selective alkali ion extraction
摘要:
A series of stilbene-bridged calix[4]arenes was synthesized through an intramolecular reductive McMurry coupling of hisbenzaldehyde calix[4]arene in high yields. Tetra- and pentaethylene glycol chains were tethered to the phenolic groups of calix[4]arene to form stilbene-bridged calix[4]arene crown-5 and crown-6, respectively. The presence of stilbene bridge over the calix[4]arene rim effectively prevented the connection of the polyether chains in the cone conformation resulting in the exclusive formation of 1,3-alternate stilbene-bridged calix[4]arene crown product. Compared to the cone analogues, the 1,3-alternate calix[4]arene crown ethers showed a greater extraction ability and selectivity toward Cs+. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Synthesis, Complexation, and Membrane Transport Studies of 1,3-Alternate Calix[4]arene-crown-6 Conformers: A New Class of Cesium Selective Ionophores
作者:Alessandro Casnati、Andrea Pochini、Rocco Ungaro、Franco Ugozzoli、Francoise Arnaud、Stefano Fanni、Marie-Jose Schwing、Richard J. M. Egberink、Feike de Jong、David N. Reinhoudt
DOI:10.1021/ja00115a012
日期:1995.3
1,3-Dialkoxycalix[3]arene-crown-6 ionophores (4a-d) are obtained in the fixed 1,3-alternate conformation in 63-85% yield by the reaction of the corresponding 1,3-dialkoxycalix[4]arenes 3a-d with pentaethylene glycol ditosylate in CH3CN in the presence of Cs2CO3. The corresponding cone conformer of the diisopropyl derivative (6) was synthesized via selective demethylation of the 1,3-dimethoxycalix-crown (2a) and subsequent dialkylation. Extraction experiments with alkali picrates reveal a strong preference of ligands 4 for Cs+. Thermodynamic parameters obtained for the complexation of 4a show that the high stability constant in MeOH (log beta = 6.4 +/- 0.4) is reflected mainly in the large -Delta H-c value of 50.2 +/- 0.2 kJ . mol(-1). The entropy of complexation (T Delta S-c = -15 kJ . mol(-1)), less negative than for other crown ethers, is explained in terms of preorganization of 4a. The X-ray structure of the cesium picrate . 4a complex shows clearly that the cation is positioned between the two aromatic rings with short Cs-C distances of 3.49 and 3.69 Angstrom, respectively. H-1 MMR spectroscopy confirms this type of structure in solution. Ligands 4 incorporated in supported liquid membranes transport Cs+ cations with a high preference over Na+. By the application of an anion gradient, traces of Cs+ can be removed (greater than or equal to 99.8%) from acidic solutions (pH = 0) that contain 4 M of NaNO3.
Stilbene-bridged 1,3-alternate calix[4]arene crown ether for selective alkali ion extraction
A series of stilbene-bridged calix[4]arenes was synthesized through an intramolecular reductive McMurry coupling of hisbenzaldehyde calix[4]arene in high yields. Tetra- and pentaethylene glycol chains were tethered to the phenolic groups of calix[4]arene to form stilbene-bridged calix[4]arene crown-5 and crown-6, respectively. The presence of stilbene bridge over the calix[4]arene rim effectively prevented the connection of the polyether chains in the cone conformation resulting in the exclusive formation of 1,3-alternate stilbene-bridged calix[4]arene crown product. Compared to the cone analogues, the 1,3-alternate calix[4]arene crown ethers showed a greater extraction ability and selectivity toward Cs+. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.