Porphyrins with exocyclic rings. Part 19: Efficient syntheses of phenanthrolinoporphyrins
摘要:
5-Nitro-1,10-phenanthrolines react with isocyanoacetate esters in the presence of DBU in THF to give excellent yields of the corresponding phenanthrolinopyrroles. These were condensed with acetoxymethylpyrroles using catalytic quantities Of p-tolenesulfonic acid in acetic acid to give dipyrrylmethanes, but these structures proved to be poorly suited for porphyrin synthesis due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the fused phenanthroline unit. However, phenanthrolinopyrrole ethyl esters could be converted to the corresponding alpha-unsubstituted pyrroles with KOH in ethylene glycol at 180-190 degrees C and these condensed with 2 equiv of acetoxymethylpyrroles in refluxing acetic acid-isopropyl alcohol to give tripyrranes. In a one pot procedure, tripyrrane di-tert-butyl esters were treated with TFA at room temperature to cleave the protective groups, diluted with dichloromethane, reacted with pyrrole dialdehydes and oxidized to afford phenanthrolinoporphyrins in 52-83% yield. These conditions also allow the synthesis of porphyrins with additional fused acenaphthylene or phenanthrene rings. Although the UV-vis spectra for these porphyrins are unexceptional, the presence of an external coordination site allows many potential applications to be considered. Porphyrins with two phenanthroline units could not be prepared by the '3 + 11 strategy. Instead, alpha-unsubstituted phenanthrolinopyrroles were reacted with a bis(dimethylaminomethyl)pyrrole in refluxing acetic acid to give moderate yields of the corresponding opp-diphenanthrolinoporphyrins. In one case, a triphenanthrolitioporphyrin and trace amounts of an adj-diphenanthrolinoporphyrin were formed as by-products. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Rh<sup>II</sup>-Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition of 2 <i>H</i>-Azirines with<i>N</i>-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-Triazoles
作者:Yun-Zhou Zhao、Hai-Bin Yang、Xiang-Ying Tang、Min Shi
DOI:10.1002/chem.201406460
日期:2015.2.23
RhII‐catalyzed intermolecular [3+2] cycloaddition of 2 H‐azirines with N‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles is disclosed, in which a series of fully functionalized pyrroles is produced via rhodium azavinyl carbene intermediates. A distinct feature of this reaction is that the azavinyl carbene serves as a [2C] equivalent, instead of as [1 C] or aza‐[3C] synthons, which have been reported previously in cyclopropanations
Bicyclic aziridines possessing a 1-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one core were prepared from 2H-azirines by a stepwise annulation sequence involving a diastereoselective allylindanation, an N-acylation, and a ring-closing metathesis to construct the six-membered ring. After hydrogenation or functionalization of the olefin, regioselective ring opening of the resulting azabicyclic compounds with carboxylic
The first enantioselective Neberreaction of β-ketoxime sulfonates catalyzed by a bifunctional thiourea has been developed. The reaction proceeds stereoselectively with 5 mol % of the catalyst to give the 2H-azirinecarboxylicesters in good yields with up to 93% ee. In addition, the resulting azirines can be successfully employed in the stereoselective synthesis of di- and trisubstituted aziridines