Synthesis and Partial Biological Evaluation of a Small Library of Differentially-Linked β-C-Disaccharides1
摘要:
The synthesis of a small library of differentially-linked beta-C-disaccharides has been carried out through the use of a radical allylation-RCM strategy. Acids 6 were prepared by Keck allylation of a suitable carbohydrate-based radical precursor, followed by oxidative cleavage of the formed alkene. Dehydrative coupling of these acids with the known olefin alcohol 5 then gave the precursor esters 7 in excellent yield. Methylenation of the esters 7 was followed by RCM and in situ hydroboration-oxidation of the formed glycals to furnish the protected beta-C-disaccharides 10 in good overall yield. Five examples were then deprotected and screened for their efficacy as enzyme inhibitors of beta-glycosidase and against several solid-tumor cell lines for in vitro differential cytotoxicity.
Synthesis and conformational studies of .beta.-(1.fwdarw.6)- and .beta.,.beta.-(1.fwdarw.1)-linked C-disaccharides
摘要:
An expeditious methodology for the synthesis of beta-(1-->6)- and beta,beta-(1-->1)-linked C-disaccharides has been developed. The methodology is based on the fluoride ion-mediated coupling of the (base-stable) nitronate anion derived from a glycosylnitromethane (1) and an aldehydo-hexodialdose or -hexose derivative. The carba-analogs (methylene-bridged analogs) of beta-D-Glc-(1-->6)-D-Gal and of beta,beta-trehalose (beta-D-Glc-(1-->1)-beta-D-Glc) were thus obtained in six steps only from 1 and D-galactose-derived aldehyde 4 or aldehydo-D-glucose derivative 12, respectively. The preferred conformation of the (1-->1)-linked C-disaccharides, including the symmetrical C-beta,beta-trehalose, was established on the basis of the vicinal coupling constants about the interglycosidic C-C linkages. In all the compounds of this series, the beta-C-glycosidic linkages were found to adopt preferentially the ''anti'' conformation (C2-C1-C7-C1' torsional angle = approximately 180-degrees). Our studies revealed, in particular, that the solution conformation of C-beta,beta-trehalose, in which no stereoelectronic (exo-anomeric) effects are operating, is the same as the one predicted and determined for beta,beta-trehalose, thereby demonstrating that steric effects alone are sufficient to cause the greater stability of the preferred conformation of the parent disaccharide.
Readily available S-glycoside dioxides were utilized in a Ramberg-Bäcklund rearrangement for the construction of C-linkeddisaccharides. This approach is ideally suited to analogue synthesis simply by variation of the alkylating agent, and is illustrated here by the synthesis of beta,beta-C-trehalose (see reaction scheme), a higher homologue of C-trehalose, and methyl C-gentiobioside. Bn=benzyl.
A concise approach to .beta.-(1.fwdarw.6)- and .beta.,.beta.-(1.fwdarw.1)-linked C-disaccharides. The synthesis of C-.beta.,.beta.-trehalose peracetate