Rates of base cleavage of X·C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>·[CC]<sub>n</sub>·MEt<sub>3</sub>compounds (n= 2 and 3, M = Si and Ge), and their significance for theories of substituent effects
作者:C. Eaborn、R. Eastmond、D. R. M. Walton
DOI:10.1039/j29710000127
日期:——
The rates of cleavage of X·C6H4·[CC]n·MEt3 compounds (n= 2 and 3, M = Si and Ge) by aqueous-methanolic alkali at 29·6 °C have been measured spectrophotometrically. The ease of cleavage increases as n is raised; e.g., for the C6H5·[CC]n·SiEt3 compounds with n= 1, 2, and 3 the approximate relative rates are 1 : 240 : 4100. Germanium compounds are less reactive than the corresponding silicon compounds.The rates of cleavage of X·C6H4·[CC]3·SiEt3 compounds with X =p-OMe, H, p-F, m-Br, and p-NO2 correlate well with the simple Hammett substituent constants, σ, which normally refer to reactions involving markedly smaller distances between the substituent X and the reaction site. This casts some doubt on the validity of treatments of substituent effects which involve separation into (a) field effects which depend only on the distance between the substituent site and the reaction site, and (b) resonance effects which depend on the effectiveness of conjugation between the sites. Substituent constants calculated according to one such treatment (that by Dewar and Grisdale) are less satisfactory than σ-constants for the cleavages studied.
采用分光光度法测量了 29·6 °C 的甲醇碱水溶液对 X·C6H4·[CC]n·MEt3 化合物(n= 2 和 3,M = Si 和 Ge)的裂解速率。随着n的增加,裂解的容易程度增加;例如,对于 n= 1、2 和 3 的 C6H5·[CC]n·SiEt3 化合物,近似相对速率为 1 : 240 : 4100。 锗化合物的反应性低于相应的硅化合物。 X 的裂解速率·C6H4·[CC]3·SiEt3 化合物,其中 X =p-OMe、H、p-F、m-Br 和 p-NO2 与简单的 Hammett 取代基常数 σ 密切相关,该常数通常指涉及之间距离明显更小的反应取代基X和反应位点。这对取代基效应处理的有效性产生了一些疑问,取代基效应涉及分为(a)场效应,仅取决于取代基位点和反应位点之间的距离,以及(b)共振效应,取决于取代基位点和反应位点之间的共轭有效性。网站。根据一种此类处理(由 Dewar 和 Grisdale 进行)计算的取代基常数不如所研究的裂解的 σ 常数令人满意。