Brønsted Base-Modulated Regioselective Pd-Catalyzed Intramolecular Aerobic Oxidative Amination of Alkenes: Formation of Seven-Membered Amides and Evidence for Allylic C−H Activation
作者:Liang Wu、Shuifa Qiu、Guosheng Liu
DOI:10.1021/ol900941t
日期:2009.6.18
A novelpalladium-catalyzed intramolecular aerobic oxidative allylic C−H amination of olefins has been developed. Brønsted base can modulate the regioselectivity, favoring the formation of 7-membered rings. Mechanistic studies using deuterium-labeled substrates as probes support a rate-determining allylic C−H activation/irreversible reductive elimination pathway.
Provided is lipid nanoparticles having a diameter above certain value, as well as the preparation and uses of such compositions. Lipid nanoparticles generally have a diameter of at least 160 nm. Such lipid nanoparticles are useful in the delivery of therapeutic agents, such as nucleic acids, in vivo to none-hepatic organs (e.g., lung) for the treatment or prevention of certain diseases or disorders.