New functionalized 7-membered azaheterocycles (perhydrodiazepinones) have been designed as new scaffolds supposed to mimick peptide gamma-turns constrained by an ethylene bridge. They were synthesized by either lactam cyclisation on an aminoacid compound outcoming from a glutamic acid derivative starting material or through an intramolecular Mitsunobu reaction on diaminoalcohol linear precursors. Furthermore, as a new strategy useful for combinatorial chemistry, the second synthesis has been investigated on a soluble polymer support(PEG). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Influence of Pendant Chiral C<sup>γ</sup>-(Alkylideneamino/Guanidino) Cationic Side-chains of PNA Backbone on Hybridization with Complementary DNA/RNA and Cell Permeability
作者:Deepak R. Jain、Libi Anandi V、Mayurika Lahiri、Krishna N. Ganesh
DOI:10.1021/jo501639m
日期:2014.10.17
Intrinsically cationic and chiral CT-substituted peptide nucleic acid (PNA) analogues have been synthesized in the form of gamma(S)-ethyleneamino (eam)- and gamma(S)-ethyleneguanidino (egd)-PNA with two carbon spacers from the backbone. The relative stabilization (Delta T-m.) of duplexes from modified cationic PNAs as compared to 2-aminoethylglycyl (Delta T-m)-PNA is better with complementary DNA (PNA:DNA) than with complementary RNA (PNA:RNA). Inherently, PNA:RNA duplexes have higher stability than PNA:DNA duplexes, and the guanidino PNAs are superior to ' PNAs. The cationic PNAs were found to be specific towl:rd their complementary DNA target as seen from their significantly lower binding with DNA having single base R mismatch. The differential binding avidity of cationic PNAs was assessed by the displacement of DNA duplex intercalated ethidium bromide and gel electrophoresis. The live cell imaging o f amino/guanidino PNA.s demonstrated their ability to penetrate the cell membrane in 3T3 and MCF-7 cells, and cationic PNAs were found to be accumulated in the vicinity of the nuclear membrane in the cytoplasm. Fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis of cell permeability showed the efficiency to be dependent upon the nature of cationic functional group, with guanidino PNAs being better than the amino PNAs in both cell lines. The results are useful to design new biofunctional cationic PNA analogues that not only bind RNA better but also show improved cell permeability.