申请人:The Scripps Research Institute
公开号:US10745340B2
公开(公告)日:2020-08-18
The invention provides processes and materials for the efficient and cost-effective functionalization of alkanes, such as methane from natural gas, to provide esters, alcohols, and other compounds. The method can be used to produce liquid fuels such as methanol from a natural gas methane-containing feedstock. The soft oxidizing electrophile, a compound of a main group, post-transitional element such as Tl, Pb, Bi, and I, that reacts to activate the alkane C—H bond can be regenerated using inexpensive regenerants such as hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, halogens, nitric acid, etc. Main group compounds useful for carrying out this reaction includes haloacetate salts of metals having a pair of available oxidation states, such as Tl, Pb, Bi, and I. The inventors herein believe that a unifying feature of many of the MXn electrophiles useful in carrying out this reaction, such as Tl, Pb, and Bi species, is their isoelectronic configuration in the alkane-reactive oxidation state; the electrons having the configuration [Xe]4f145d10, with an empty 6s orbital. However, the iodine reagents have a different electronic configuration.
本发明提供了对烷烃(如天然气中的甲烷)进行高效、低成本官能化的工艺和材料,以提供酯、醇和其他化合物。该方法可用于从含甲烷的天然气原料中生产甲醇等液体燃料。软氧化亲电子体是一种主族后过渡元素(如 Tl、Pb、Bi 和 I)的化合物,可通过使用廉价的再生剂(如过氧化氢、氧气、卤素、硝酸等)再生,该化合物可发生活化烷烃 C-H 键的反应。本发明的发明者认为,许多用于进行该反应的 MXn 亲电体(如 Tl、Pb 和 Bi 物种)的统一特征是它们在烷烃反应氧化态中的等电子构型;电子具有[Xe]4f145d10 构型,空 6s 轨道。然而,碘试剂的电子构型却不同。