Described herein are devices, compositions, and methods for improving color discernment.
本文描述了用于改善色彩辨识的设备、组合物和方法。
Nucleic Acid Binding Compounds Containing Pyrazolo[3,4-D]Pyrimidine Analogues of Purin-2,6-Diamine and Their Uses
申请人:Seela Frank
公开号:US20110021365A1
公开(公告)日:2011-01-27
The present invention is in the field of nucleic acid binding compounds comprising 7-substituted 7-deaza-8aza-2,6-diamino-purine bases, compounds useful for the preparation of such compounds, various uses thereof and methods for the determination of nucleic acids using said compounds in the field of diagnostics.
Described herein are devices, compositions, and methods for improving color discernment.
本文描述的是用于提高颜色辨别能力的设备、组合物和方法。
Assessment of the cellular internalization of thermolytic phosphorothioate DNA oligonucleotide prodrugs
作者:Harsh V. Jain、Kazuyo Takeda、Cecilia Tami、Daniela Verthelyi、Serge L. Beaucage
DOI:10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.071
日期:2013.10
The bioactivity of a CpG-containing phosphorothioate DNA oligonucleotide with thermolytic 2-(N-formyl-N-methylamino) ethyl (fma) thiophosphate groups in mice led us to investigate the parameters affecting the internalization of these thermosensitive DNA prodrugs in various cell lines. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy analyses indicate that 5'-fluoresceinated fma-phosphorothioate DNA sequences are poorly internalized in Vero, HeLa and GC-2 cells. However, when four fma-thiophosphate groups of a 15-nucleotide long oligothymidylate prodrug are replaced with 3-(N, N-dimethylamino) prop-1-yl thiophosphate functions, internalization of the positively charged prodrug, under physiological conditions, increased fourfold in HeLa and 40-fold in Vero or GC-2 cells. No cytotoxic effects are observed in Vero cells even at an extracellular prodrug concentration of 50 mu M over a period of 72 h. Confocal microscopy studies show that internalization of the positively charged oligothymidylate prodrug in Vero cells is time-dependent with early trafficking of the DNA sequence through endosomal vesicles and, eventually, to the nucleus of the cells. Thus, the incorporation of four 3-(N, N-dimethylamino) prop-1-yl thiophosphate groups into thermosentive fma-phosphorothioate DNA prodrugs is an attractive strategy for efficient cellular internalization of these nucleic acid-based drugs for potential therapeutic indications. Published by Elsevier Ltd.