Complementary Steric Engineering at the Protein–Ligand Interface for Analogue-Sensitive TET Oxygenases
摘要:
Ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes employ O-2 earth-abundant iron, and 2-ketoglutarate (2KG) to perform iterative C-H oxidation of 5-methylcytosine in DNA to control expression of the mammalian genome. Given that more than 60 such C-H oxygenases are present in humans, determining context-dependent functions of each of these enzymes is a pivotal challenge. In an effort to tackle the problem, we developed analogue-sensitive TET enzymes to perturb the activity of a specific member. We rationally engineered the TET2-2KG interface to develop TET2 variants with an expanded active site that can be specifically inhibited by the N-oxalylglycine (NOG) derivatives carrying a complementary steric "bump". Herein, we describe the identification and engineering of a bulky gatekeeper residue for TET proteins, characterize the orthogonal mutant-inhibitor pairs, and show generality of the approach. Employing cell-permeable NOG analogues, we show that the TET2 mutant can be specifically inhibited to conditionally modulate cytosine methylation in chromosomal DNA in intact human cells. Finally, we demonstrate application of the orthogonal mutant-inhibitor pair to probe transcriptional activity of a specific TET member in cells. Our work provides a general platform for developing analogue-sensitive 2KG-dependent oxygenases to unravel their functions in diverse signaling processes.
Novel inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase. 3. Inhibition by the substrate analog N-oxaloglycine and its derivatives
摘要:
N-Oxaloglycine (3) is an alpha-ketoglutarate (1) analogue that is a competitive inhibitor of prolyl 4-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.2). A study of the structure-activity relationships of some other oxalo derivatives shows that substitution on the glycine moiety modulates activity stereoselectively and that if the omega-carboxylate is homologated or replaced by either acylsulfonamides or anilide, then activity is sharply reduced. This sensitivity to these changes is contrasted with the relative insensitivity of another putative alpha-ketoglutarate analogue, pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (2), and the implication is discussed that compounds of both series are unlikely to bind to prolyl hydroxylase in the same way even though both inhibit the enzyme competitively.
The present invention relates to assays for monitoring activity of OGFOD1 activity, in particular, to assays for identifying modulators of OGFOD1 activity. The invention also relates to assays to monitor the prolyl hydroxylase activity of OGFOD1 on its substrate, the human ribosomal protein RPS23. The invention also enables the introduction of 3-hydroxyprolyl residues into peptides and proteins.
Novel inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase. 3. Inhibition by the substrate analog N-oxaloglycine and its derivatives
作者:C. Jane Cunliffe、Trevor J. Franklin、Neil J. Hales、George B. Hill
DOI:10.1021/jm00092a016
日期:1992.7
N-Oxaloglycine (3) is an alpha-ketoglutarate (1) analogue that is a competitive inhibitor of prolyl 4-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.2). A study of the structure-activity relationships of some other oxalo derivatives shows that substitution on the glycine moiety modulates activity stereoselectively and that if the omega-carboxylate is homologated or replaced by either acylsulfonamides or anilide, then activity is sharply reduced. This sensitivity to these changes is contrasted with the relative insensitivity of another putative alpha-ketoglutarate analogue, pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (2), and the implication is discussed that compounds of both series are unlikely to bind to prolyl hydroxylase in the same way even though both inhibit the enzyme competitively.
MINA53 ASSAYS
申请人:ISIS INNOVATION LIMITED
公开号:EP1929035B1
公开(公告)日:2012-09-19
A METHOD FOR ASSAYING FTO (2-OXOGLUTARATE DEPENDENT OXYGENASE) ACTIVITY
申请人:ISIS Innovation Limited
公开号:EP2171446B1
公开(公告)日:2013-04-24
Method for Assaying FTO (2-Oxoglutarate Dependent Oxygenase) Activity
申请人:Ashcroft Frances Mary
公开号:US20100216832A1
公开(公告)日:2010-08-26
The present invention provides a method for assaying oxygenase activity, the method comprising monitoring oxygenase activity of FTO.