Identification of Biologically Active Pyrimido[5,4-b]indoles That Prolong NF-κB Activation without Intrinsic Activity
摘要:
Most vaccine adjuvants directly stimulate and activate antigen presenting cells but do not sustain immunostimulation of these cells. A high throughput screening (HTS) strategy was designed to identify compounds that would sustain NF-kappa B activation by a stimulus from the Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Several pilot studies optimized the parameters and conditions for a cell based NF-kappa B reporter assay in human monocytic THP-1 cells. The final assay evaluated prolongation of LPS induced NF-kappa B activation at 12 h. The dynamic range of the assay was confirmed in a pilot screen of 14 631 compounds and subsequently in a main extensive screen with 166 304 compounds. Hit compounds were identified using an enrichment strategy based on unsupervised chemoinformatic clustering, and also by a naive "Top X" approach. A total of 2011 compounds were then rescreened for levels of coactivation with LPS at 5 h and 12 h, which provided kinetic profiles. Of the 407 confirmed hits, compounds that showed correlation of the kinetic profiles with the structural similarities led to identification of four chemotypes: pyrimido[5,4-b]indoles, 4H-chromene-3-carbonitriles, benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-2-ylureas, and tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridines, which were segregated by 5 h and 12 h kinetic characteristics. Unlike the TLR4 agonistic pyrimidoindoles identified in previous studies, the revealed pyrimidoindoles in the present work did not intrinsically stimulate TLR4 nor induce NF-kappa B but rather prolonged NF-kappa B signaling induced by LPS. A 42-member combinatorial library was synthesized which led to identification of potent N3-alkyl substituted pyrimidoindoles that were not only active in vitro but also enhanced antibody responses in vivo when used as a coadjuvant. The novel HTS strategy led to identification of compounds that are intrinsically quiescent but functionally prolong stimulation by a TLR4 ligand and thereby potentiate vaccine efficacy.
我们报告了一种合成新环系统的简便方法:4,5-二氢-1,3-噻嗪基[5,4- b ]吲哚。该程序涉及在二氧化硅存在下使用Lawesson试剂,以实现2-苯甲酰基氨基-3-羟甲基吲哚中间体的一步闭环反应,从而提供4,5-二氢-2--2-芳基-1,3-噻嗪基[ 5,4‐ b ]吲哚。通过相应的3-苯基硫脲-2-羧酸酯衍生物,通过化学选择性还原酯基,然后在酸性条件下闭环,可得到2-苯基亚氨基-1,3-噻嗪[5,4- b ]吲哚。红外,1 H-NMR和13阐明了新产品的结构C-NMR光谱,包括2D-HMQC,2D-HMBC和DEPT测量。J.杂环化学。(2011)。