Synthesis, Antimalarial Activity, and Preclinical Pharmacology of a Novel Series of 4′-Fluoro and 4′-Chloro Analogues of Amodiaquine. Identification of a Suitable “Back-Up” Compound for <i>N-tert</i>-Butyl Isoquine
作者:Paul M. O’Neill、Alison E. Shone、Deborah Stanford、Gemma Nixon、Eghbaleh Asadollahy、B. Kevin Park、James L. Maggs、Phil Roberts、Paul A. Stocks、Giancarlo Biagini、Patrick G. Bray、Jill Davies、Neil Berry、Charlotte Hall、Karen Rimmer、Peter A. Winstanley、Stephen Hindley、Ramesh B. Bambal、Charles B. Davis、Martin Bates、Stephanie L. Gresham、Richard A. Brigandi、Federico M. Gomez-de-las-Heras、Domingo V. Gargallo、Silvia Parapini、Livia Vivas、Hollie Lander、Donatella Taramelli、Stephen A. Ward
DOI:10.1021/jm8012757
日期:2009.4.9
On the basis of a mechanistic understanding of the toxicity of the 4-aminoquinoline arnodiaquine (1b), three series of amodiaquine analogues have been prepared where the 4-aminophenol "metabolic alert" has been modified by replacement of the 4'-hydroxy group with a hydrogen, fluorine, or chlorine atom. Following antimalarial assessment and studies on mechanism of action, two candidates were selected for detailed ADME studies and in vitro and in vivo toxicological assessment. 4'-Fluoro-N-tert-butylamodiaquine (2k) was subsequently identified as a candidate for further development studies based on potent activity versus chloroquine-sensitive and resistant parasites,, moderate to excellent oral bioavailability, low toxicity in in vitro studies, and an acceptable safety profile.