Gold-Catalyzed Ring Expansion of Enyne-Lactone: Generation and Transformation of 2-Oxoninonium
摘要:
An efficient gold-catalyzed ring-expansion reaction of enyne-lactones to form 2-oxoninonium intermediates is reported. The 2-oxoninonium generated in this work could undergo further 6 pi electrocyclization and aromatization reaction to produce different aromatic compounds.
Gold-Catalyzed Ring Expansion of Enyne-Lactone: Generation and Transformation of 2-Oxoninonium
摘要:
An efficient gold-catalyzed ring-expansion reaction of enyne-lactones to form 2-oxoninonium intermediates is reported. The 2-oxoninonium generated in this work could undergo further 6 pi electrocyclization and aromatization reaction to produce different aromatic compounds.
Palladium-Catalyzed Alkyne Insertion/Reduction Route to Trisubstituted Olefins
作者:Erin R. Fruchey、Brendan M. Monks、Andrea M. Patterson、Silas P. Cook
DOI:10.1021/ol4018694
日期:2013.9.6
A new route to trisubstitutedolefins through a palladium-catalyzed alkyne insertion/reduction reaction with unactivated alkyl iodides is reported. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and tolerates a range of functional groups and substitution patterns. Preliminary mechanistic inquiry suggests that the transformation may proceed through a hybrid radical/organometallic pathway.
Synthesis of 2-Alkylideneisochromans by Cyclocarbonylative Sonogashira Reactions
作者:Laura Antonella Aronica、Luca Giannotti、Stefano Giuntini、Anna Maria Caporusso
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.201402979
日期:2014.11
In this study we used a tandem carbonylative Sonogashirareaction/cyclisation process to construct alkylidene-functionalized isochromans in high yields with complete stereoselectivity (only Z isomers were formed). The reaction was performed in the absence of a CuI co-catalyst with a small amount of PdCl2(PPh3)2 (0.2–0.5 mol-%), and aryl iodides bearing both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing
在这项研究中,我们使用串联羰基化 Sonogashira 反应/环化过程以高产率构建亚烷基官能化异色满,具有完全立体选择性(仅形成 Z 异构体)。该反应在没有 CuI 助催化剂和少量 PdCl2(PPh3)2 (0.2–0.5 mol-%) 的情况下进行,并且成功地使用了带有给电子和吸电子取代基的芳基碘化物。
Palladium Nanoparticles in Glycerol: A Versatile Catalytic System for CX Bond Formation and Hydrogenation Processes
AbstractPalladium nanoparticles stabilised by tris(3‐sulfophenyl)phosphine trisodium salt in neat glycerol have been synthesised and fully characterised, starting from both Pd(II) and Pd(0) species. The versatility of this innovative catalytic colloidal solution has been proved by its efficient application in CX bond formation processes (X=C, N, P, S) and CC multiple bond hydrogenation reactions. The catalytic glycerol phase could be recycled more than ten times, preserving its activity and selectivity. The scope of each of these processes has demonstrated the power of the as‐prepared catalyst, isolating the corresponding expected products in yields higher than 90%. The dual catalytic behaviour of this glycerol phase, associated to the metallic nanocatalysts used in wet medium (molecular‐ and surface‐like behaviour), has allowed attractive applications in one‐pot multi‐step transformations catalysed by palladium, such as CC coupling followed by hydrogenation, without isolation of intermediates using only one catalytic precursor.magnified image
Triaryl-Like MONO-, BIS-, and TRISKITPHOS Phosphines: Synthesis, Solution NMR Studies, and a Comparison in Gold-Catalyzed Carbon–Heteroatom Bond Forming 5-<i>exo</i>-dig and 6-<i>endo</i>-dig Cyclizations
作者:Simon Doherty、Julian G. Knight、Daniel O. Perry、Nicholas A. B. Ward、Dror M. Bittner、William McFarlane、Corinne Wills、Michael R. Probert
DOI:10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00146
日期:2016.5.9
A homologous series of triaryl-like KITPHOS-type monophosphines containing one, two, or three bulky 12-phenyl-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethenoanthracene (KITPHOS) units have been developed, and the influence of increasing steric bulk on their efficacy as ligands in gold(I)-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom bond-forming cyclizations has been investigated. Detailed solution NMR studies on Ph-TRISKITPHOS, its oxide, and the corresponding gold(I) chloride adduct identified a conformational exchange process involving a concerted librational motion of the individual anthracene-derived organic substituents about their P-C bonds. The cessation of this motion at reduced temperatures lowers the molecular symmetry such that the two C6H4 rings in each of the KITPHOS units become inequivalent; a lower energy process involving restricted rotation of the biaryl-like phenyl ring has also been identified. Electrophilic gold(I) complexes of these triaryl-like KITPHOS monophosphines catalyze the 5-exo-dig cycloisomerization of propargyl amides to afford the corresponding methylene oxazolines, which were used in a subsequent tandem carbonyl-ene reaction to afford functionalized 2 -substituted oxazolines. A comparative survey revealed that catalyst efficiency for cycloisomerization decreases in the order MONOKITPHOS = BISKITPHOS > PPh3 > TRISKITPHOS. The optimum system also catalyzes the selective 6-endo-dig cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzyl alcohols, 2-alkynylbenzoic acid, and 2-phenylethynyl benzamides; gratifyingly, in several cases the yields obtained are markedly higher and/or reaction times significantly shorter than those previously reported for related gold catalysts. Moreover, these are the first examples of gold(I)-catalyzed 6-endo-dig cycloisomerizations involving 2-phenylethynyl benzamides and, reassuringly, the optimum gold(I)/MONOKITPHOS systems either rivaled or outperformed existing silver or palladium based catalysts. The steric parameters of this homologous series of phosphines have been quantified and compared with selected triarylphosphines using a combination of Solid -G calculations, to determine the percentage of the metal coordination sphere shielded by the phosphine (the G parameter), and Salerno molecular buried volume calculations (SambVca) to determine the percent buried volume (%V-bur); the corresponding Tolman cone angles have also been determined from correlations.
Direct Construction of Fused Indoles by Gold-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Conjugated Diynes
A gold-catalyzed cascade cyclization of aniline derivatives bearing a conjugated diyne moiety was developed. Following the 5-endo-dig indole formation, subsequent 7-endo-dig cyclization predominated over 6-exo-dig cyclization to give the indole fused with a seven-membered ring in good yields.