Discovery of Pyrrolidine-Containing GPR40 Agonists: Stereochemistry Effects a Change in Binding Mode
摘要:
A novel series of pyrrolidine-containing GPR40 agonists is described as a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes. The initial pyrrolidine hit was modified by moving the position of the carboxylic acid, a key pharmacophore for GPR40. Addition of a 4-cis-CF3 to the pyrrolidine improves the human GPR40 binding K-i and agonist efficacy. After further optimization, the discovery of a minor enantiomeric impurity with agonist activity led to the finding that enantiomers (R,R)-68 and (S,S)-68 have differential effects on the radioligand used for the binding assay, with (R,R)-68 potentiating the radioligand and (S,S)-68 displacing the radioligand. Compound (R,R)-68 activates both G(q)-coupled intracellular Ca2+ flux and G(s)-coupled cAMP accumulation. This signaling bias results in a dual mechanism of action for compound (R,R)-68, demonstrating glucose-dependent insulin and GLP-1 secretion in vitro. In vivo, compound (R,R)-68 significantly lowers plasma glucose levels in mice during an oral glucose challenge, encouraging further development of the series.
A small sortiment of 4-aminophenyl ether derivatives was constructed with good yields and purities via Williamson reaction using the carboxyl-functionalized ionic liquid [cmmim][BF4] as soluble support. The recovered ionic liquid could be reused for several times with similar capacity.
US4148625A
申请人:——
公开号:US4148625A
公开(公告)日:1979-04-10
Natural Product Neopeltolide as a Cytochrome <i>bc</i><sub>1</sub> Complex Inhibitor: Mechanism of Action and Structural Modification
作者:Xiao-Lei Zhu、Rui Zhang、Qiong-You Wu、Yong-Jun Song、Yu-Xia Wang、Jing-Fang Yang、Guang-Fu Yang
DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06195
日期:2019.3.13
chemical structure of neopeltolide, leading to the synthesis of a series of new neopeltolide derivatives with much simpler chemical structures. The calculated binding energies (ΔGcal) of the newly synthesized analogues correlated very well (R2 = 0.90) with their experimental binding free energies (ΔGexp), which confirmed that the computational protocol was reliable. Compound 45, bearing a diphenyl ether