Formamides as Lewis Base Catalysts in S<sub>N</sub>Reactions-Efficient Transformation of Alcohols into Chlorides, Amines, and Ethers
作者:Peter H. Huy、Sebastian Motsch、Sarah M. Kappler
DOI:10.1002/anie.201604921
日期:2016.8.16
and waste‐balance (E‐factor down to 2). Chiral substrates are converted with excellent levels of stereochemical inversion (99 %→≥95 % ee). In a practical one‐pot procedure, the primary formed chlorides can be further transformed into amines, azides, ethers, sulfides, and nitriles. The value of the method was demonstrated in straightforward syntheses of the drugs rac‐Clopidogrel and S‐Fendiline.
简单的甲酰胺催化剂可促进以苯甲酰氯为唯一试剂将醇类有效转化为烷基氯。这些亲核取代是通过亚胺基活化的醇作为中间体进行的。这种新颖的方法甚至可以在无溶剂条件下进行,其特点是具有出色的官能团耐受性,可扩展性(> 100 g)和废物平衡(电子因子低至2)。手性底物的转化具有优异的立体化学转化水平(99%→≥95%ee)。在实际的一锅法中,初步形成的氯化物可以进一步转化为胺,叠氮化物,醚,硫化物和腈。该方法的价值在药物rac ‐ Clopidogrel和S‐芬迪林。