Modulation of A2B adenosine receptor by 1-Benzyl-3-ketoindole derivatives
摘要:
We have disclosed a series of 1-benzyl-3-ketoindole derivatives acting as either positive or negative modulators of the human A2B adenosine receptor (A(2B) AR) depending on small differences in their side chain. The new compounds were designed taking into account structural similarities between AR antagonists and ligands of the GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor. All compounds resulted totally inactive at A(2A) and A(3) ARs and showed small (8a,b) or none (7a,b, 8c and 9a,b) affinity for A(1) AR. When tested on A(2B) AR-transfected CHO cells, 7a,b and 8a acted as positive modulators, whereas 8b,c and 9a,b acted as negative modulators, enhancing or weakening the NECA-induced increase of cAMP levels, respectively. Compounds 7-9 might be regarded as useful biological and pharmacological tools to explore the therapeutic potential of A(2B) AR modulators, while their 3-ketoindole scaffold might be taken as a reference to design new analogs. (C) 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
C-3 dicarbonyl indoles via oxidative cross-coupling of styrenes with indoles under metal-free conditions has been developed. Moreover, a broad scope of C-3 dicarbonyl indoles in moderate to good yields were obtained, and a plausible mechanism is proposed based on control and isotope-labeling experiments. A new and efficient method for the synthesis of C-3 dicarbonyl indoles via oxidative cross-coupling
The first C3-dicarbonylation of indoles was realized through direct oxidative cross-coupling of indoles with methyl ketones in the presence of molecular iodine and pyrrolidine. This reaction constructed a highly efficient indolyl diketones scaffold, which might be regarded as a useful biological and pharmacological tool in the exploration of therapeutic A2BAR modulators. The use of inexpensive molecular