Fluoro- or Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Benzyl and Phenethyl Alcohols: Substrates for Metal-Mediated Site-Selective Functionalization
摘要:
It was possible to functionalize the three fluorobenzyl alcohols and the three 2-(fluorophenyl)ethanols by metalation and subsequent carboxylation, the prototype electrophilic trapping reaction. Thisopropylsilyl (TIPS) outperformed methoxymethyl (MOM) as an O-protective group making seven new fluorobenzoic acids accessible in 63% average yield. Moreover, the TIPS group tolerates weakly basic and acidic media and, therefore, may facilitate further structural eldboration. The unprotected alcohols reacted more sluggishly and were unable to provide two of the targeted products (acids 1 and 2). The yield averaged only 46% in the five other cases (acids 3-7). The direct metalation of fluorinated benzyl and phenethyl alcohols remains nevertheless an attractive option because of its operational simplicity. All three (trifluoromethyl) benzyl alcohols and two of the three (trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol isomers were successfully submitted to the metalation/functionalization sequence. These five starting materials gave rise to a total of nine new benzoic acids or lactones (compounds 8-14 and 17-18). Despite the poor yields (31% on average), the organometallic methods employed are, in general, extremely selective, economical and easy to perform.
Enantioselective Thiourea-Catalyzed Additions to Oxocarbenium Ions
作者:Sarah E. Reisman、Abigail G. Doyle、Eric N. Jacobsen
DOI:10.1021/ja801514m
日期:2008.6.1
Asymmetric, catalytic reactions of oxocarbeniumions are reported. Simple, chiral urea and thiourea derivatives are shown to catalyze the enantioselective substitution of silyl ketene acetals onto 1-chloroisochromans. A mechanism involving anion binding by the chiral catalyst to generate a reactive oxocarbeniumion is invoked. Catalysts bearing tertiary benzylic amide groups afforded highest enantioselectivities
In Situ Generation of Nucleophilic Allenes by the Gold-Catalyzed Rearrangement of Propargylic Esters for the Highly Diastereoselective Formation of Intermolecular C(sp<sup>3</sup>)C(sp<sup>2</sup>) Bonds
作者:Yang Yu、Weibo Yang、Frank Rominger、A. Stephen K. Hashmi
DOI:10.1002/anie.201302402
日期:2013.7.15
particular for the synthesis of isochromane derivatives (see scheme), are provided by the title reaction. Excellent diastereoselectivites are achieved in this reaction which proceeds through a gold‐catalyzed 1,3‐acyloxy migration. In some cases exclusively the Z isomer is detected.