Design, Synthesis, ADME Properties, and Pharmacological Activities of β-Alanyl-D-histidine (D-Carnosine) Prodrugs with Improved Bioavailability
作者:Marica Orioli、Giulio Vistoli、Luca Regazzoni、Alessandro Pedretti、Annunziata Lapolla、Giuseppe Rossoni、Renato Canevotti、Luca Gamberoni、Massimo Previtali、Marina Carini、Giancarlo Aldini
DOI:10.1002/cmdc.201100042
日期:2011.7.4
The prodrugs were designed considering their expected lipophilicity and their hydrolysis predicted by docking simulations on the most important human carboxylesterase (hCES1). The stability and metabolic profile of the prodrugs were studied by incubating them with rat and human serum and liver fractions. The octyl ester of D‐CAR (compound 13) was chosen as a candidate for further pharmacological studies
β-丙氨酰-D-组氨酸(D- CAR,天然二肽肌肽的对映异构体)是一种活性羰基化合物(RCS)的选择性强效螯合剂,对肌肽酶稳定,但在胃肠道中吸收差。本文中,我们报告了一种旨在提高D- CAR口服生物利用度的药物发现方法。在我们的研究中,我们设计,合成和评估了一系列新型亲脂性D- CAR前药。所考虑的前药可以分为两类:1)修饰了两个末端基团的衍生物,其中羧基末端始终被酯化,而氨基末端则被酰胺保护(N-乙酰基衍生物)或氨基甲酸酯(乙氧基或苄氧基衍生物)功能; 2)仅修饰一个末端的衍生物,可以是烷基酯,也可以是酰胺或氨基甲酸酯衍生物。设计前药时要考虑其预期的亲脂性和通过对接最重要的人羧酸酯酶(hCES1)的模拟预测的水解。通过将它们与大鼠和人的血清及肝部分一起孵育来研究前药的稳定性和代谢特性。由于D‐ CAR的辛基酯(化合物13)在体外可快速水解为生物活性代谢物,因此被选作进一步的药理研究对象。