alanylphenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride | 2280-75-3

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: alanylphenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride
• 英文别名: N-(L-alaninyl)-L-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride；methyl (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoate;hydrochloride
• CAS: 2280-75-3
• 化学式: C₁₃H₁₈N₂O₃*ClH
• 分子量: 286.758
• InChiKey: WKDQNXWBCTZVBP-ROLPUNSJSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  0.66
• 重原子数：
  19
• 可旋转键数：
  6
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.38
• 拓扑面积：
  81.4
• 氢给体数：
  3
• 氢受体数：
  4

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  alanylphenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride 在 palladium on activated charcoal 盐酸 、 氢气 、 1-羟基苯并三唑 、 N,N-二异丙基乙胺 、 N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺 作用下， 以 1,4-二氧六环 、 水 、 溶剂黄146 、 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 为溶剂， 反应 34.0h， 生成 methyl (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-[[(2S)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-6-methylheptanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Inhibition of porcine pepsin by two substrate analogs containing statine. The effect of histidine at the P2 subsite on the inhibition of aspartic proteinases

  摘要：

  Two new inhibitors, 4 and 5, of the aspartic proteinase porcine pepsin were synthesized. These compounds, which span the P4-P'3 binding subsites of the enzyme, were derived by replacing the Nph-Phe dipeptidyl unit of a good pepsin substrate, H2N-Phe-Gly-His-Nph-Phe-Ala-Phe-OMe (3), with statine [(3S,4S)-4-amino-3-hydroxy-6-methylheptanoic acid, Sta]. Hexapeptide 5, H2N-Phe-Gly-Val-(S,S)-Sta-Ala-Phe-OMe, is an extremely potent inhibitor of pepsin with a Ki value less than 1 nM. This result is consistent with the proposal that statine functions as a bioisosteric replacement for a substrate dipeptidyl unit. Compound 4, which contains His at P2, is 2 orders of magnitude less active than the valine analogue 5 (Ki = 150 nM). The factor for the decrease in binding to pepsin effected by replacement of Val by His at P2 parallels the ratio of protonated vs unprotonated imidazole group in peptide 4 at pH 4, according to the Henderson-Hasselbach equation. This result suggests that a positively charged side chain at P2 is undesirable for maximum pepsin inhibition. Kinetic constants for several known inhibitors of pepsin and renin are presented that demonstrate that the effect of His incorporation at P2 on pepsin inhibition depends upon the peptide sequence and that the effect is considerably different for renin inhibitors. We further suggest that the high selectivity of potent renin inhibitors known to be only weak pepsin and cathepsin D inhibitors is due in part to the extent of histidine protonation at P2 arising from pH differences in the inhibition kinetics assay of renin (neutral conditions) compared to other aspartic proteinases (acid pH 2-4).

  DOI：

  10.1021/jm00398a022
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  (S)-2-((S)-2-Benzyloxycarbonylamino-propionylamino)-3-phenyl-propionic acid methyl ester 在 盐酸 、 氢气 、 溶剂黄146 作用下， 以 水 为溶剂， 生成 alanylphenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Hydantoin-Free Synthesis of Peptide Ester Isocyanates, Isothiocyanates, and Dipeptidyl Ureas: The Application of Zinc Dust in a Carbonylation Procedure without Base

  摘要：

  在使用活性锌粉作为非碱性HCl清除剂的情况下，描述了无需使用海因（hydantoin）的肽酯异氰酸酯自由合成方法，即非Schotten-Baumann条件。此外，在将氨基酸和肽酰胺转化为异氰酸酯的过程中，该方法不会产生N-酰化产物。

  DOI：

  10.1055/s-0030-1260216

文献信息

• Umpolung reactivity in amide and peptide synthesis
  作者：Bo Shen、Dawn M. Makley、Jeffrey N. Johnston

  DOI：10.1038/nature09125

  日期：2010.6

  which the polarities of the two reactants are reversed (German, umpolung) during carbon–nitrogen bond formation relative to traditional approaches. The use of nitroalkanes as acyl anion equivalents provides a conceptually innovative approach to amide and peptide synthesis, and one that might ultimately provide for efficient peptide synthesis that is fully reliant on enantioselective methods.

  酰胺键是自然界最常见的功能和结构元素之一，因为所有天然肽和蛋白质的骨架都由酰胺键组成。酰胺也存在于许多治疗性小分子中。使用现有方法构建酰胺键主要依赖于脱水方法，尽管氧化和基于自由基的方法是代表性的替代方法。在几乎每个例子中，在碳-氮键形成步骤中，碳和氮分别具有亲电和亲核特性。在这里，我们表明用亲电碘源活化胺和硝基烷烃可以直接产生酰胺产物。初步观察支持两种反应物极性反转的机制（德国，umpolung) 在碳氮键形成过程中相对于传统方法。使用硝基烷烃作为酰基阴离子等价物为酰胺和肽合成提供了一种概念上的创新方法，并且可能最终提供完全依赖对映选择性方法的有效肽合成。
• Alkenylation and Arylation of Peptides via Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of α-<i>C</i>-Tosyl Peptides with Csp² Triflates/Halides
  作者：Xianghua Tao、Guobin Ma、Yanhong Song、Yunrong Chen、Qun Qian、Deli Sun、Hegui Gong

  DOI：10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02601

  日期：2021.10.1

  A Ni-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling between α-C-tosyl peptides and Csp2 triflates/halides has been developed. This protocol enables the formation of various unnatural di- and tripeptides containing vinyl and aryl side chains, and it expands the applications of Ni-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling in late-stage diversification of peptides.

  已经开发了α-C-甲苯磺酰肽和 Csp 2三氟甲磺酸盐/卤化物之间的 Ni 催化还原交叉偶联。该协议能够形成各种含有乙烯基和芳基侧链的非天然二肽和三肽，并扩展了镍催化还原交叉偶联在肽后期多样化中的应用。
• Synthesis of analogs of pepstatin. Effect of structure in subsites P1', P2', and P2 on inhibition of porcine pepsin
  作者：Daniel H. Rich、Francesco G. Salituro

  DOI：10.1021/jm00360a022

  日期：1983.6

  A series of pepstatin analogues having structural variations in the P2', P1', and P2 positions have been synthesized and tested for inhibition of porcine pepsin. The standard peptide for this study was Iva-Sta-Val-Ala-Iaa. Structural variations in the P2' and P1' positions have relatively little effect on Ki; however, small variations in the P2 position have a more dramatic effect on Ki and time-dependent

  已经合成了一系列在P2′，P1′和P2位置具有结构变化的胃抑素类似物，并测试了其对猪胃蛋白酶的抑制作用。这项研究的标准肽是Iva-Sta-Val-Ala-Iaa。P2'和P1'位置的结构变化对Ki的影响相对较小；然而，P2位置的微小变化对Ki和时间依赖性抑制具有更显着的影响。还合成了一系列胃抑素片段，并测试了其对猪胃蛋白酶的抑制作用。
• Structural studies of β-turn-containing peptide catalysts for atroposelective quinazolinone bromination
  作者：A. J. Metrano、N. C. Abascal、B. Q. Mercado、E. K. Paulson、S. J. Miller

  DOI：10.1039/c6cc01428c

  日期：——

  X-Ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy were used to investigate the effect of primary structure on both secondary structure and enantioselectivity in peptide-based catalysts for an atroposelective bromination reaction.

  X射线晶体学和核磁共振光谱学被用来研究肽基催化剂在对映选择性溴化反应中的一级结构对二级结构和对映选择性的影响。
• Diversity of Secondary Structure in Catalytic Peptides with β-Turn-Biased Sequences
  作者：Anthony J. Metrano、Nadia C. Abascal、Brandon Q. Mercado、Eric K. Paulson、Anna E. Hurtley、Scott J. Miller

  DOI：10.1021/jacs.6b11348

  日期：2017.1.11

  state conformations for peptides of this family, as well as the dynamic processes associated with conformational equilibria, underscore not only the challenge of designing peptide-based catalysts, but also the difficulty in predicting their accessible transition states. These findings implicate the advantages of low-barrier interconversions between conformations of peptide-based catalysts for multistep

  X 射线晶体学已应用于一系列四肽的结构分析，这些四肽之前已评估了其在间质选择性溴化反应中的催化活性。该系列的共同点是中央 Pro-Xaa 序列，其中 Pro 是 l-或 d-脯氨酸，选择它是为了有利于规范 β 转角二级结构的成核。对 35 种不同肽序列的晶体学分析揭示了一系列构象状态。观察到的差异不仅出现在 Pro-Xaa 环区发生改变的情况下，而且还出现在对侧翼残基进行看似微妙的改变时。在许多情况下，观察到相同序列的不同构象异构体，或者作为同一晶胞内的对称独立分子，或者作为多晶型物。使用 DFT 的计算研究为固态结构特征的分析提供了额外的见解。将选定的 X 射线晶体结构与从测量的质子化学位移、3J 值和 1H–1H-NOESY 接触得出的相应溶液结构进行比较。这些发现意味着，简单的基于肽的催化剂可用的构象空间比先例所暗示的更加多样化。对该家族肽的多个基态构象的直接观察，以及与构象平衡相关