Solid-phase synthesis of neuroactive spider–wasp hybrid toxin analogues using a backbone amide linker
作者:Christian A. Olsen、Matthias Witt、Henrik Franzyk、Jerzy W. Jaroszewski
DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.11.074
日期:2007.1
Polyamine toxins isolated from the venoms of spiders and wasps and their synthetic analogues are uncompetitive antagonists of ligand-gated ionotropic receptors in the central- and peripheral nervous systems, and have proved valuable as tools for the investigation of receptor structure and function. In the present letter we describe the efficient solid-phase synthesis (SPS) of novel hybrid toxins using
Synthesis and binding of [125I2]philanthotoxin-343, [125I2]philanthotoxin-343-lysine, and [125I2]philanthotoxin-343-arginine to rat brain membranes
作者:R. A. Goodnow、R. Bukownik、K. Nakanishi、P. N. R. Usherwood、A. T. Eldefrawi、N. A. Anis、M. E. Eldefrawi
DOI:10.1021/jm00112a012
日期:1991.8
I-125(2)-iodinated philanthotoxin-343 (PhTX-343) (10), [I-125(2)]PhTX-343-arginine (11), and [I-125(2)]PhTX-343-lysine (12) were synthesized and evaluated as probes for glutamate receptors in rat brain synaptic membranes. It was found that these probes were not specific for the glutamate receptors but may be useful for investigating the polyamine binding site. Filtration assays with Whatman GF/B fiber glass filters were unsuitable because the iodinated PhTX-343 analogues exhibited high nonspecific binding to the filters, thus hindering detection of specific binding to membranes. When binding was measured by a centrifugal assay, [I-125(2)]PhTX-343-lysine (12) bound with low affinity (K(D) = 11.4 +/- 2-mu-M) to a large number of sites (37.2 +/- 9.1 nmol/mg of protein). The binding of [I-125(2)]PhTX-343-lysine was sensitive only to the polyamines spermine and spermidine, which displaced [I-125(2)]PhTX-343-lysine (12) with K(i) values of (3.77 +/- 1.4) X 10(-5) M and (7.51 +/- 0.77) X 10(-5) M, respectively. The binding was insensitive to glutamate receptor agonists and antagonists. Binding results with [I-125(2)]PhTX-343-arginine (11) were similar to those of [I-125(2)]PhTX-343-lysine. Considering the high number of toxin binding sites (10000-fold more than glutamate) in these membranes and the insensitivity of the binding to almost all drugs that bind to glutamate receptors, it is evident that most of the binding observed is not to glutamate receptors. On the other hand, PhTX analogues with photoaffinity labels may be useful in the isolation/purification of various glutamate and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; they could also be useful in structural studies of receptors and their binding sites.
GOODNOW, R. (JR);KONNO, K.;NIWA, M.;KALLIMOPOULOS, T.;BUKOWNIK, R.;LENARE+, TETRAHEDRON, 46,(1990) N, C. 3267-3286
作者:GOODNOW, R. (JR)、KONNO, K.、NIWA, M.、KALLIMOPOULOS, T.、BUKOWNIK, R.、LENARE+
DOI:——
日期:——
NAKANISHI, KOJI;GOODNOW, R.;KONNO, K.;NIWA, M.;BUKOWNIK, RUDOLPH;KALLIMOP+, PURE AND APPL. CHEM., 62,(1990) N, C. 1223-1230