卡马西泮 | 36104-80-0

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 苯二氮卓类
• 中文名称: 卡马西泮
• 中文别名: 胺酯安定
• 英文名称: Albego
• 英文别名: camazepam；7-chloro-3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2-one；7-chloro-1-methyl,5-phenyl,3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one；(7-chloro-1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl) N,N-dimethylcarbamate
• CAS: 36104-80-0
• 化学式: C₁₉H₁₈ClN₃O₃
• 分子量: 371.823
• InChiKey: PXBVEXGRHZFEOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.8
• 重原子数：
  26
• 可旋转键数：
  3
• 环数：
  3.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.21
• 拓扑面积：
  62.2
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  4

ADMET

代谢

被肝脏代谢成超过10种代谢物，其中一些也具有活性并具有抗惊厥特性。[3] 值得注意的是，一个活性代谢物是替马西泮，它作为一种抗焦虑药的效果大约相等，但抗惊厥、镇静和运动障碍的作用较小。卡马西泮通过人类肝脏微粒体的对映选择性代谢。[1]

Metabolized by the liver into more than 10 metabolites, some of which are also active and posses anticonvulsant properties. [3] One active metabolite of note is temazepam which has roughly equal in effectiveness as an anxiolytic, but is less anticonvulsant, sedating, and motor-impairing. Camazepam undergoes enantioselective metabolism by human liver microsomes. [1]

来源:DrugBank

代谢

被肝脏代谢成超过10种代谢物，其中一些也具有活性并具有抗惊厥特性。[3] 值得注意的一种活性代谢物是替马西泮，它作为抗焦虑药的效果大致相当，但抗惊厥、镇静和运动障碍的作用较弱。 卡马西泮通过人肝微粒体的对映选择性代谢。[1] 消除途径：经肾脏消除。

Metabolized by the liver into more than 10 metabolites, some of which are also active and posses anticonvulsant properties. [3] One active metabolite of note is temazepam which has roughly equal in effectiveness as an anxiolytic, but is less anticonvulsant, sedating, and motor-impairing. Camazepam undergoes enantioselective metabolism by human liver microsomes. [1] Route of Elimination: Renally eliminated.

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

卡马泽帕姆在大脑中与苯二氮卓受体的结合具有相对较低的亲和力，这一结合以及其活性代谢物的作用负责其抗惊厥效果。值得注意的是，只有三种代谢物显示出抗惊厥活性，分别是替马唑仑、奥沙西泮和羟基卡马泽帕姆。卡马泽帕姆的的抗焦虑特性也归因于它们与苯二氮卓受体的结合能力，也被称为GABA受体。当苯二氮卓类药物与GABA受体结合时，它们增加了抑制性神经递质GABA结合的效率。

Camazepam has been shown to bind competitively to benzodiazepine receptors in the brain with a relatively low affinity in animal models. This binding of benzodiazepine receptors by camazepam and its active metabolites is responsible for its anticonvulsant effects. Notably, only three metabolites were shown to exert anticonvulsant activity, temazepam, oxazepam, and hydroxy camazepam. The anxiolytic properties of camazepam are also attributed to their ability to bind benzodiazepine receptors, also known as GABA receptors. When benzodiazepines bind to GABA receptors they increase the efficiency with which the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA binds.

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服给药后几乎完全被吸收进入血液。在人类中可以达到90%的生物利用度。

Almost completely absorbed into the bloodstream after oral administration. 90% bioavailability can be achieved in humans.

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露处理

一般支持性措施应予以实施，包括静脉输液，并保持气道通畅。低血压可以通过使用去甲肾上腺素或美芬丁胺来对抗。透析的价值有限。氟马西尼（安易醒）是一种竞争性的苯二氮卓受体拮抗剂，可以用作苯二氮卓过量的解毒剂。特别是，氟马西尼在逆转与苯二氮卓相关的中枢神经系统抑制方面非常有效，但在逆转呼吸抑制方面效果较差。然而，其使用存在争议，因为它有许多禁忌症。长期使用苯二氮卓的患者、摄入降低癫痫发作阈值的物质的患者、或有心动过速或癫痫病史的患者禁忌使用。通常情况下，医疗观察和支持性护理是治疗苯二氮卓过量的主要方法。尽管苯二氮卓可以通过活性炭吸收，但在纯苯二氮卓过量时，使用活性炭进行胃部净化并不有益，因为不良反应的风险通常超过了该程序可能带来的任何潜在益处。只有在苯二氮卓与其他可能从净化中受益的药物联合使用时，才建议使用。胃灌洗（胃抽吸）或全肠灌洗也不推荐。

General supportive measures should be employed, along with intravenous fluids, and an adequate airway maintained. Hypotension may be combated by the use of norepinephrine or metaraminol. Dialysis is of limited value. Flumazenil (Anexate) is a competitive benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that can be used as an antidote for benzodiazepine overdose. In particular, flumazenil is very effective at reversing the CNS depression associated with benzodiazepines but is less effective at reversing respiratory depression. Its use, however, is controversial as it has numerous contraindications. It is contraindicated in patients who are on long-term benzodiazepines, those who have ingested a substance that lowers the seizure threshold, or in patients who have tachycardia or a history of seizures. As a general rule, medical observation and supportive care are the mainstay of treatment of benzodiazepine overdose. Although benzodiazepines are absorbed by activated charcoal, gastric decontamination with activated charcoal is not beneficial in pure benzodiazepine overdose as the risk of adverse effects often outweigh any potential benefit from the procedure. It is recommended only if benzodiazepines have been taken in combination with other drugs that may benefit from decontamination. Gastric lavage (stomach pumping) or whole bowel irrigation are also not recommended.

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

吸收、分配和排泄

• 吸收

口服给药后几乎完全被吸收进入血液。在人类中可以达到90%的生物利用度。

Almost completely absorbed into the bloodstream after oral administration. 90% bioavailability can be achieved in humans.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

• 消除途径

肾排泄。

Renally eliminated.

来源:DrugBank

制备方法与用途

制备方法： 由7-氯-5-苯基-1-甲基-3-羟基-1,3-二氢-2H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-2-酮经与氯甲酸苯酯缩合、与二甲胺置换而得。

用途简介： 该物质用作安定药和抗抑郁药。小鼠口服的半数致死量为970毫克/公斤，大鼠的半数致死量大于4000毫克/公斤。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  卡马西泮 在 盐酸 作用下， 生成 2-氨基-5-氯二苯甲酮
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Schutz; Fitz, Arzneimittel-Forschung/Drug Research, 1982, vol. 32, # 3, p. 177 - 183

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  凯他唑仑 生成 卡马西泮
  参考文献：
  名称：

  BLASCHKE, G.;KLEY, H.;MUELLER, W. E., ARZNEIM.-FORSCH., 1986, 36, N 6, 893-894

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• [EN] TRIAZOLOBENZAZEPINES AS VASOPRESSIN V1A RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS<br/>[FR] TRIAZOLOBENZAZÉPINES UTILISÉES EN TANT QU'ANTAGONISTES DU RÉCEPTEUR DE LA VASOPRESSINE V1A
  申请人：RICHTER GEDEON NYRT

  公开号：WO2019116324A1

  公开（公告）日：2019-06-20

  The present invention relates to 5,6-dihydro-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1]benzazepine derivatives of general formula (I) and/or salts thereof and/or geometric isomers thereof and/or stereoisomers thereof and/or enantiomers thereof and/or racemates thereof and/or diastereomers thereof and/or biologically active metabolites thereof and/or prodrugs thereof and/or solvates thereof and/or hydrates thereof and/or polymorphs thereof which are centrally and/or peripherally acting V1a receptor modulators, particularly V1a receptor antagonists. Additional subject of the present invention is the process for the preparation of the compounds and the intermediates of the preparation process as well. The invention also relates to the pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds or together with one or more other active substances, as well as to the use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a disease or condition associated with V1a receptor function.

  本发明涉及一般式(I)的5,6-二氢-4H-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a][1]苯并蒽啉衍生物和/或其盐和/或其几何异构体和/或其立体异构体和/或其对映异构体和/或其消旋体和/或其非对映异构体和/或其生物活性代谢物和/或其前药和/或其溶剂化合物和/或其水合物和/或其多晶形式，这些化合物是中枢和/或外周作用的V1a受体调节剂，特别是V1a受体拮抗剂。本发明的另一个主题是制备这些化合物的过程以及制备过程的中间体。该发明还涉及含有这些化合物或与一个或多个其他活性物质一起的药物组合物，以及在治疗和/或预防与V1a受体功能相关的疾病或症状中的用途。
• Oral pharmaceutical compositions containing cyclodextrins as taste masking agent
  申请人：——

  公开号：US20040115258A1

  公开（公告）日：2004-06-17

  The application discloses oral pharmaceutical compositions which are tasted in the mouth during administration. Fast-dissolving tablets, chewable tablets and effervescent dispersions are exemplified. To mask the taste of unpleasant-tasting active ingredients, it has been found that blending with cyclodextrin without the conventional complex formation is effective. Consequently more economical modes of manufacture such as simple granulation and dry blending can be used.

  该申请揭示了口服制剂，其在给药过程中在口腔中被品尝。快速溶解片剂、可咀嚼片剂和泡腾分散剂是示例。为了掩盖令人不愉快的活性成分的味道，发现与β-环糊精混合而无需传统的复合形成是有效的。因此，可以使用更经济的制造方式，如简单的制粒和干混合。
• [EN] TRICYCLIC COMPOUNDS AS VASOPRESSIN V1A RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS TRICYCLIQUES UTILISÉS EN TANT QU'ANTAGONISTES DU RÉCEPTEUR DE LA VASOPRESSINE V1A
  申请人：RICHTER GEDEON NYRT

  公开号：WO2019116325A1

  公开（公告）日：2019-06-20

  The present invention relates to 5,6-dihydro-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1]benzazepine derivatives of general formula (I) and/or salts thereof and/or geometric isomers thereof and/or stereoisomers thereof and/or enantiomers thereof and/or racemates thereof and/or diastereomers thereof and/or biologically active metabolites thereof and/or prodrugs thereof and/or solvates thereof and/or hydrates thereof and/or polymorphs thereof which are centrally and/or peripherally acting V1a receptor modulators, particularly V1a receptor antagonists. Additional subject of the present invention is the process for the preparation of the compounds and the intermediates of the preparation process as well. The invention also relates to the pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds or together with one or more other active substances, as well as to the use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a disease or condition associated with V1a receptor function.

  本发明涉及通式（I）的5,6-二氢-4H-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3-a][1]苯并蒽啉衍生物和/或其盐和/或其几何异构体和/或其立体异构体和/或其对映异构体和/或其消旋体和/或其二对映异构体和/或其生物活性代谢物和/或其前药和/或其溶剂化合物和/或其水合物和/或其多晶型，这些化合物是中枢和/或外周作用V1a受体调节剂，特别是V1a受体拮抗剂。本发明的另一个主题是化合物的制备方法以及制备过程的中间体。该发明还涉及含有这些化合物或与一个或多个其他活性物质一起的药物组合物，以及在治疗和/或预防与V1a受体功能相关的疾病或症状中的使用。
• [EN] METHODS OF TREATING ABNORMAL MUSCULAR ACTIVITY<br/>[FR] MÉTHODES DE TRAITEMENT D'UNE ACTIVITÉ MUSCULAIRE ANORMALE
  申请人：AUSPEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC

  公开号：WO2015077520A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-05-28

  Methods for treating abnormal muscular activity are disclosed. The methods may be performed remotely and permit monitoring of a subject outside a healthcare provider's office.

  披露了治疗异常肌肉活动的方法。这些方法可以远程执行，并允许在医疗提供者办公室之外监测受试者。
• [EN] BENZOQUINOLINE INHIBITORS OF VESICULAR MONOAMINE TRANSPORTER 2<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS BENZOQUINOLINE DU TRANSPORTEUR DE MONOAMINE VÉSICULAIRE 2
  申请人：AUSPEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC

  公开号：WO2015077521A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-05-28

  The present invention relates to new benzoquinoline inhibitors of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of use thereof. (I)

  本发明涉及新的囊泡单胺转运体2（VMAT2）的苯并喹啉抑制剂，其药物组合物以及使用方法。

表征谱图