Spiro- and Dispiro-1,2-dioxolanes: Contribution of Iron(II)-Mediated One-Electron vs Two-Electron Reduction to the Activity of Antimalarial Peroxides
摘要:
Fourteen spiro- and dispiro-1,2-dioxolanes were synthesized by peroxycarbenium ion annulations with alkenes in yields ranging from 30% to 94%. Peroxycarbenium ion precursors included triethylsilyldiperoxyketals and -acetals derived from geminal dihydroperoxides and from a new method employing triethylsilylperoxyketals and -acetals derived from ozonolysis of alkenes. The 1,2-dioxolanes were either inactive or orders of magnitude less potent than the corresponding 1,2,4-trioxolanes or artemisinin against P. falciparum in vitro and P. berghei in vivo. In reactions with iron(II), the predominant reaction course for 1,2-dioxolane 3a was two-electron reduction. In contrast, the corresponding 1,2,4-trioxolane 1 and the 1,2,4-trioxane artemisinin undergo primarily one-electron iron(II)-mediated reductions. The key structural element in the latter peroxides appears to be an oxygen atom attached to one or both of the peroxide-bearing carbon atoms that permits rapid beta-scission reactions (or H shifts) to form primary or secondary carbon-centered radicals rather than further reduction of the initially formed Fe(HI) complexed oxy radicals.
A Unified Catalytic Asymmetric (4+1) and (5+1) Annulation Strategy to Access Chiral Spirooxindole‐Fused Oxacycles
作者:Min Gao、Yanshu Luo、Qianlan Xu、Yukun Zhao、Xiangnan Gong、Yuanzhi Xia、Lin Hu
DOI:10.1002/anie.202105282
日期:2021.9
A unified catalyticasymmetric (N+1) (N=4, 5) annulation reaction of oxindoles with bifunctional peroxides has been achieved in the presence of a chiral phase-transfer catalyst (PTC). This general strategy utilizes peroxides as unique bielectrophilic four- or five-atom synthons to participate in the C−C and the subsequent umpolung C−O bond-forming reactions with one-carbon unit nucleophiles, thus providing
在手性相转移催化剂 (PTC) 的存在下,已经实现了羟吲哚与双官能过氧化物的统一催化不对称 ( N +1) ( N =4, 5) 环化反应。这种通用策略利用过氧化物作为独特的双亲电四原子或五原子合成子参与 C−C 和随后与单碳单元亲核试剂的 umpolung C−O 键形成反应,从而提供了一种独特的方法来获得有价值的手性螺吲哚-四氢呋喃和-四氢吡喃在温和条件下具有良好的产率和高对映选择性。进行 DFT 计算以合理化高对映选择性的起源。还证明了所得产物的克级合成和合成效用。
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Peroxidation of Ketimines Derived from Isatins
作者:Shuichi Nakamura、Shun Takahashi
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00805
日期:2015.6.5
The first catalytic enantioselective addition of hydroperoxides to ketimines derived from isatins has been developed. Excellent yields and enantioselectivities were observed for the reaction of various ketimines with peroxides using a cinchona alkaloid sulfonamide catalyst. Both enantiomers of products could be obtained by using pseudoenantiomeric chiral catalysts. The obtained product can be converted
α-chloromethyl, α-chloroethyl, γ-chloropropyl and 5-(methoxycarbonyl) pentyl radicals to pairs of conjugated olefins. The sources of the alkyl radicals were the redox systems: acyl peroxides/cuprous ion and 1-methoxycyclohexylhydroperoxide/ferrous ion. The relative reactivities of the above mentioned radicals towards butadiene, acrylonitrile, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid
Use of hydroperoxides as regulators in polymerizations
申请人:——
公开号:US20020137882A1
公开(公告)日:2002-09-26
The invention provides for the use of non-copolymerizable hydroperoxides of the formula R—O—O—H as regulators in the free-radically initiated polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, where R is H, a C
1
-C
18
-alkyl radical, a C
7
-C
22
-aralkyl radical or a saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having from 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and may be substituted or unsubstituted.
Asymmetric Ketoalkylation/Rearrangement of Alkyenlfurans via Synergistic Photoredox/Brønsted Acid Catalysis
作者:Jie Wei、Yurong Tang、Qian Yang、Hongxiang Li、Dongxian He、Yunfei Cai
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03040
日期:2022.11.4
An enantioselective three-component rearrangement of alkenylfurans with various cycloalkyl silyl peroxides and anilines has been developed by merging photoredox catalysis with chiral Brønstedacidcatalysis. This protocol provides expedient access to a broad spectrum of ketoalkyl-functionalized 4-aminocyclopentenones in high yields with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities. Diverse functional