Selenoxide elimination for the synthesis of unsaturated-sugar uracil nucleosides
摘要:
Introduction of a phenylseleno group to the sugar portion of uracil nucleosides and selenoxide elimination reactions of the resulting selenium-containing derivatives are described. A phenylselenide anion prepared by reducing (PhSe)2 with LialH4 was found to be highly reactive. By using this selenide as a nucleophile, ring openings of various types of cyclonucleosides and nucleosides having an anhydro structure in the sugar portion were accomplished. The products, which contain a phenylseleno group in the sugar portion, were oxidized with m-CPBA in CH2Cl2, and their susceptibility to the selenoxide elimination and regiochemistry of the reaction was investigated.
An alternative method for the synthesis of 2′-halogeno-1′,2′-unsaturated uridine derivatives through <i>syn</i>-elimination of pivalic acid of 2′-halogeno- 2′-deoxy-1′-pivaloyloxyuracil nucleoside: preparation of its 2′-<i>C</i>-branched nucleosides
Abstract An alternative method for the preparation of 2′-bromo- (5b) and 2′-iodo- (5c) 1′,2′-unsaturated uracil nucleosides has been developed. The protocol was on the basis of the syn-elimination of pivalic acid from 2′-bromo-(7a,b) and 2′-iodo-(9a,b) 1′-pivaloyloxy-2′-deoxyuridine derivatives, which were derived from the halo-pivaloyloxylation of 3′,5′-bis-O-TBDMS-1′,2′-unsaturated uridine 1. Compounds
The addition reaction of benzenethiol to the glycal portion of 1',2'-unsaturated uridine proceeds efficiently in the presence of Et3N. The mechanism involves nucleophilic attack of thiolate at the anomeric position in the rate-determining step, wherein conjugation between the nucleobase and the glycal portion is crucial. The derivative having a methyl group either at the 2'- or 6-position did not undergo this addition reaction, due to their sterically prohibited coplanarity. The 1',2'-unsaturated derivatives of thymine and adenine can also be used as substrates for this addition reaction. It was also shown that the resulting 1'-C-phenylthio-2'-deoxynucleosides serve as precursors for radical-mediated C-C bond formation at the anomeric position.
Divergent and Stereocontrolled Approach to the Synthesis of Uracil Nucleosides Branched at the Anomeric Position
Electrophilic addition of NBS/pivalic acid (bromopivaloyloxylation) to 1-[3,5-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-D-erythro-pent- 1-enofuranosyl]uracil (2), readily accessible from O-2,2'-anhydro-uridine, furnished 1-[2-bromo-3,5-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethyylsilyl)-2-deoxy-1-(pivaloyloxy)-beta-D-ara-binofuranosyl]uracil (7) stereoselectively. This compound (7), having a leaving group at the 1'-position as well as 2'-beta-Br that could exert anchimeric assistance, serves as versatile intermediate for the stereocontrolled synthesis of various types of 1'-C-branched derivatives through nucleophilic substitutions by the use of organosilicon and organoaluminum reagents. The whole sequence constitutes the first example of the conversion of a naturally-occurring nucleoside to the analogues branched at the anomeric position.
Anomeric manipulation of nucleosides: Stereosepecific entry to 1′-C-branched uracil nucleosides
Uracil nucleosides variously branched at die anomeric position have been synthesized through stereoselective bromo-pivaloyloxylation of a 1',2'-unsaturated derivative and successive SnCl4-promoted nucleophilic substitution with organosilicon reagents. This constitutes the first example of C-C bond formation at the anomeric position of nucleoside.
Stereoselective synthesis of 4′-C-branched 2,′3′-didehydro-2′-dideoxy nucleosides based on SnCl4-promoted allylic rearrangement
Based on SnCl4-promoted allylic rearrangement between a 3',4'-unsaturated uracil nucleoside and organosilicon reagents, stereoselective introduction of carbon functionalities to the 4'-position has been accomplished, disclosing a new entry for a series of 4'-C-branched nucleosides of biological interests.