Room Temperature, Reductive Alkylation of Activated Methylene Compounds: Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation Driven by the Rhodium-Catalyzed Water–Gas Shift Reaction
作者:Scott E. Denmark、Malek Y. S. Ibrahim、Andrea Ambrosi
DOI:10.1021/acscatal.6b03183
日期:2017.1.6
The rhodium-catalyzed water–gas shift reaction has been demonstrated to drive the reductive alkylation of several classes of activated methylene compounds at room temperature. Under catalysis by rhodium trichloride (2–3 mol %), carbon monoxide (10 bar), water (2–50 equiv), and triethylamine (2.5–7 equiv), the scope has been successfully expanded to cover a wide range of alkylating agents, including
DBN (1,5-diazabicyclo(4.3.0)non-5-ene) with activatedolefins, i.e., 2-arylidenemalononitriles and 2-cyano-3-aryl acrylates, to afford tricyclic 2-pyridones and pyridin-2(1H)-imines, respectively. The mechanism has been proposed based on DFT calculations. In the reaction, the cyclic amidines serve as C,N-bisnucleophiles for the cyclization, while the olefins play a dual role by acting as both reactants
在此,我们描述了环脒如 DBU(1,8-二氮杂双环(5.4.0)undec-7-ene)和 DBN(1,5-二氮杂双环(4.3 .0)non-5-ene)与活化的烯烃,即2-亚芳基丙二腈和2-氰基-3-芳基丙烯酸酯,分别提供三环2-吡啶酮和吡啶-2(1 H )-亚胺。该机制是基于 DFT 计算提出的。在反应中,环脒作为环化的C,N-双亲核试剂,而烯烃通过作为反应物和氧化剂发挥双重作用。
Cu-Catalyzed cyanoalkylation of electron-deficient alkenes with unactivated alkyl bromides
We here report the photoinduced Cu-catalyzed cyanoalkylation of electron-deficient alkenes by using alkylbromides as alkylation reagents. In the reactions, 1°, 2°, and 3° unactivated alkylbromides with various sensitive functional groups were well tolerated with good yields. Notably, terminal and internal alkenes, as well as alkene-containing peptides, were all tolerated well.