Modulation of estrogen-related receptors subtype selectivity: Conversion of an ERRβ/γ selective agonist to ERRα/β/γ pan agonists
摘要:
Estrogen Related Receptors (ERRs) are key regulators of energy homeostasis and play important role in the etiology of metabolic disorders, skeletal muscle related disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Among the three ERR isoforms, ERR alpha emerged as a potential drug target for metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Although ERR beta/gamma selective agonist chemical tools have been identified, there are no chemical tools that effectively target ERR alpha agonism. We successfully engineered high affinity ERR alpha agonism into a chemical scaffold that displays selective ERR beta/gamma agonist activity (GSK4716), providing novel ERR alpha/beta/gamma pan agonists that can be used as tools to probe the physiological roles of these nuclear receptors. We identified the structural requirements to enhance selectivity toward ERR alpha. Molecular modeling shows that our novel modulators have favorable binding modes in the LBP of ERR alpha and can induce conformational changes where Phe328 that originally occupies the pocket is dislocated to accommodate the ligands in a rather small cavity. The best agonists up-regulated the expression of target genes PGC-1 alpha and PGC-1 beta, which are necessary to achieve maximal mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, they increased the mRNA levels of PDK4, which play an important role in energy homeostasis.
Oxidative Cyclization of Aromatic Aldehyde<i>N</i>‐Acylhydrazones by bis(Trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene
作者:Zhenhua Shang
DOI:10.1080/00397910600773650
日期:2006.10
Abstract Aromatic aldehyde N‐acylhydrazones were oxidized into 2,5‐disubstituted 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles with bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene in CHCl3 or DMSO at room temperature in good to excellent yields.
Microwave assisted syntheses of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles
作者:Shahnaz Rostamizadeh、S.A. Ghasem Housaini
DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.09.095
日期:2004.11
2,5-Disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles have been synthesized by oxidation of 1-aroyl-2-arylidene hydrazines with potassium permanganate on the surface of a solid mineral support as well as in mixtures of acetone and water under microwave irradiation.
Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Allylation Reactions of Acylhydrazones with Tetraallyltin in Aqueous Media
作者:Shū Kobayashi、Tomoaki Hamada、Kei Manabe
DOI:10.1055/s-2001-15166
日期:——
Allylation reactions of various benzoylhydrazones with tetraallyltin were found to proceed smoothly in the presence of scandium triflate as a Lewis acid catalyst at ambient temperature in aqueous media, to afford the corresponding homoallylic amine derivatives in high yields. Three-component reactions of aldehydes, benzoylhydrazine, and tetraallyltin were also catalyzed by scandium triflate in the same media. Furthermore, a simple procedure to prepare oxazolidinone derivatives utilizing these reactions was developed.
Sustainable Synthesis of Oximes, Hydrazones, and Thiosemicarbazones under Mild Organocatalyzed Reaction Conditions
作者:Sara Morales、José Luis Aceña、José Luis García Ruano、M. Belén Cid
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.6b01912
日期:2016.10.21
thiosemicarbazones derived from aromatic and aliphaticaldehydes using equimolar amounts of reagents and green solvents. Experimental simplicity and excellent yields after a simple filtration are the main advantages of the method, being an alternative to those currently available especially for the acyl derivatives, which do not work under uncatalyzed conditions. Its application to the synthesis of acyloximes by
Indium(i) iodide-catalyzed regio- and diastereoselective formal α-addition of an α-methylallylboronate to N-acylhydrazones
作者:Shū Kobayashi、Hideyuki Konishi、Uwe Schneider
DOI:10.1039/b802153h
日期:——
Indium(I) iodide was found to catalyze the formal α-addition of an α-methylallylboronate to various N-acylhydrazones, in the presence of an alcohol additive, to afford the corresponding anti-α-adducts with high regio- and diastereoselectivity in high yields.